Adventure Activities

LAND BASED ACTIVITIES

All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)

ATV is an adventurous sport with an exciting and unusual experience which creates psychological and physiological arousal followed by a thrilling journey. People love the excitement that ATVs provide and the vast array of terrain that ATVsopen up for exploring. ATVs provide a lot of enjoyment for riders and be a worthwhile activity.

The ATV rides are always accompanied by the guides who ensure that all safety measurements are taken by the participants and children below the age of 16 are usually not allowed to participate in these rides. However, it is important to note that ATV tours can also be dangerous if proper safety measures are not taken. It is essential to wear appropriate safety gear, such as helmets and protective clothing, and to follow all instructions provided by the tour guide. It is also important to operate the vehicle responsibly and not exceed your skill level or the capabilities of the ATV.

All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) tours are becoming increasingly popular in India, particularly in destinations that offer scenic natural landscapes and rugged terrains. Some of the popular destinations for ATV tours in India include:

Goa:The scenic coastal state of Goa offers a variety of ATV tours, ranging from beach tours to jungle tours. Participants can enjoy the thrill of riding through the rugged terrains of the Western Ghats, exploring dense forests and plantations, or cruising along the scenic beaches.

Rishikesh: Rishikesh is known as the adventure capital of India, and ATV tours are a popular activity here. Participants can explore the scenic hills and valleys, ride along the banks of the Ganges River, and visit remote villages.

Jaipur: The city of Jaipur in Rajasthan offers a unique ATV tour experience, where visitors can ride through the desert landscapes and explore the ancient forts and palaces.

Lonavala: The hill station of Lonavala in Maharashtra offers a scenic ATV tour experience, with riders exploring the lush green hills, waterfalls, and valleys.

Manali:The popular hill station of Manali in Himachal Pradesh offers a variety of ATV tours, ranging from short joyrides to longer tours that take participants through the scenic landscapes of the Himalayas.

It is important to note that while ATV tours can be a thrilling experience, safety should always be a top priority. Always wear appropriate safety gear, follow the instructions of the tour guide, and never exceed your skill level or the capabilities of the ATV.

Guidelines For All Terrain Vehicle (ATV) Tours

Adapted from guidelines available on the websites of the European ATV Safety Institute and All-Terrain Vehicle Safety Institute (USA).

Introduction

ATVs (also known as quad bikes), when operated properly, can be exciting and safe. However, their incorrect use can lead to serious injuries. Though ATVs are very similar to cars & motorcycles, their operation is very different. ATV operation requires a different level of instruction and training. These minimum standards have been outlined to promote safe practices among operators of ATV tours.

Guides

Guides supervising participants on All Terrain Vehicle (ATV). Accreditation given by any International Institute's may be accepted. Alternatively, the guide should have completed an in-house training programme which focusses on the following topics: -

a) An introduction to the ATV machine, protective clothing, equipment, and pre-ride

inspections.

b) Range signals, rules and warm up exercises.

c) Controls and starting the engine.

d) Starting out, shifting gears and braking.

e) Turning.

f) Riding strategies / risk awareness.

g) Riding circles and figures of eight.

h) Quicker turns.

i) Sharp turns.

j) Quick stops and swerves.

k) Quick stop in a turn.

l) Riding over obstacles.

m) Safe and responsible driving practices.

n) U-turns and traversing hills.

o) Circuit or Trail rides.

In addition, all guides must be familiar with (And assessed on) the operating manual(s) of the ATV(s) which they operate.

Customer Training

ATV operators should always follow the instruction in their Owner’s Manual for recommended operating techniques. All participants of an ATV tour must receive

a basic training course before their tour commences. The basic minimum training course should cover the following:

a) To mount and sit on the ATV correctly, locate and operate the controls, and dismount.

b) To use the brakes properly to bring ATV to a smooth, safe stop.

c) To demonstrate basic turning skills by shifting weight properly to maintain balance and avoid the possibility of losing control of ATV.

d) It is very important that all participants pay attention to the instructions provided by their guides.

Equipment

ATV Machine

 ATVs are subject to considerable wear and tear owing to the nature of their use outdoors. Therefore, only use an ATV from a reputable manufacturer and ensure maintenance is undertaken as per operating manual instructions.

Helmet:

The single most important piece of protective gear riders must wear is a helmet, which can help prevent serious head injuries. Wearing an approved motorcycle helmet does not reduce essential vision and hearing. Use either a full face or three-quarter (open-face) helmet. Helmets must be properly fitted to the participant – it should be snug, comfortable, and securely fastened.

Face shield or goggles

 If the ATV tour is in a jungle or in areas with dense foliage, a face shield or goggles should be used to prevent eye injuries.

Gloves

 Gloves should be of a quality that will help prevent your hands from getting sore, tired, or cold, as well as offering protection in the event of a spill/fall. Off-road style gloves, available at leading       motorcycle and ATV dealerships, provide the best combination of protection and comfort. They are padded over the knuckles for added protection.

Footwear

The minimum protective footwear is a pair of ankle-length shoes or boots with low heels to help prevent feet from slipping off the footrests.

Clothing:

It is important to protect your skin from scratches. A long-sleeved jersey/sweater, shirt or T-shirt and long trousers are requirements for rider protection.

Spares & First Aid

 It is recommended that guides carry an appropriate first aid kit and tool kit during an ATV tour. Examine the tool kit that came with your machine.

Inspections & Maintenance Procedures

Before commencing each trip, Guides must carry out an inspection of any ATV to be used by themselves of their customers, before each ride. An inspection will minimise the chance of injury or malfunction, ensure long-term usage of your ATV. The ASI uses the following basic T-CLOC checklist:

(T-CLOC stands for Tyres and Wheels, Controls and Cables, Lights and Electrics, Oil and Fuel, Chain/Drive Shaft and Chassis).

SOPs & Operating Instructions

SOPs have to be formulated for conduct of training programme and the same should be approved by the Tourism Department of the respective State Government. The following rules should apply to all participants and guides during an ATV tour:

a) All participants must wear a helmet and other protective equipment.

b) Always keep both hands on the handlebars and both feet on the footrests of ATV during operation.

c) Avoid paved surfaces – ATVs are designed to be operated off paved roads.

d) Avoid public roads unless the machine has been specifically manufactured for this purpose and complies with the relevant automotive licensing requirements for road use.

e) Never allow riding under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

f) Never carry a passenger unless the machine has been specifically designed and manufactured to do so.

g) Ride only on designated trails and at a safe speed as mandated by the manufacturer of the machine.

h) Extreme care must be taken not to undertake random off-roading as it has deep impact on the ecology of the area specially in regions like Ladakh.

Special arrangements for Children

a) Children under the age of 18 require parental consent to ride ATV and adult supervision.

b) ATVs are NOT toys and children aged below 18 years should only ride the right ATV for their age.

c) Always follow the manufacturer's minimum age recommendations which will be shown on the ATV or in the Operating Manual.

Documentation

The following is the basis minimum documentation required.

a) ATV and associated equipment purchase documentation, including warranty, service & maintenance history documentation.

b) Owner's / Operating Manual for each ATV.

c) Training and assessment log for all guides.

d) First aid certificates for all guides.

Risk Mitigation

A basic risk assessment should be conducted on any trail intended for the use of ATV tours before participants are permitted to use such a route.

An Emergency Action Plan must be in position and regular training imparted to the staff for the same.

 Emergencies and rescues

A first aid kit must be available and the venue/route itself must be easily accessible. In addition, a detailed emergency procedure must be written that includes contact numbers of the available emergency services. Evacuation routes and emergency procedures must also be included in the company's risk assessment.

Safety Briefing

A pre ride safety briefing covering all aspects of risks and action to be taken both by conducting staff and the participants should be covered in details, some aspects are highlighted below.

a) Rules and speed limits.

b) Wearing of protective gear.

c) ATV controls, operation and pre ride checks.

d) Rider responsibilities and risk awareness.

e) Group riding procedure to include lane position, following other vehicle, head lights, signals and parking.

f) Handling dangerous surfaces and any special riding conditions.

g) Indemnity bond by participant.

h) Avoiding alcohol prior to/during the ride.

i) Staying hydrated and rest stops.

Medical Concerns

These are of two types: personal and accident related during the ride. For personal medical conditions clients should be advised to carry medication and inform the ride leader. For accident-related concerns, the ride leader should have a plan in addition to a First Aid Kit.

Basic Minimum Standards for Grant of Recognition to ATV Operators

a)The agency must own ATVs and all accessories and safety gear as specified above. The ATVs must be well maintained,serviced and in perfect working order with the required documentation.

b) The agency must have at least two full time trained ATV guides dulyqualified (specified above) / knowledgeable about conducting ATV activity safely, group dynamics, rules, communication       skills and repairs / punctures etc. They must possess valid First Aid / CPR certification.

c) The operator must have SOPs for conducting ATV trips and an Emergency Action Plan for all trips.

d) A detailed risk assessment must be carried out prior to conducting ATV trips.

e) A list of hospitals in the vicinity of the tour should be carried by the ATV guides.

f) A detailed SOP for inspecting ATVs, documentation and safety gear prior to conducting trips must be in position.

g) The agency must have a registered office.

h) The agency must be registered with the local tourism authorities.

i) Local level certification for ATV Operators. This is desirable which can be implemented at State Government Level.

j) The company must follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and conform to high sustainability standards.

Bungee jumping

Bungee jumping is a popular adventure activity that involves jumping from a height while attached to a bungee cord. In India, there are several destinations where you can experience the thrill of bungee jumping.

Some of the popular bungee jumping destinations in India include:

Rishikesh: Rishikesh is known as the adventure capital of India, and it offers several bungee jumping options. Jumpers can experience a free fall from a height of over 80 meters above the Ganges River.

Goa:Goa is famous for its beaches, and it also offers bungee jumping over the stunning ocean views. The bungee jumping platform is set up on a 25-meter-high tower on the Baga beach.

Bangalore: In Bangalore, bungee jumping is offered at a height of over 80 meters at Ozone Adventures, which is located about 50 km from the city centre.

Lonavala: Lonavala, a popular hill station near Mumbai, offers bungee jumping at a height of 45 meters. It is a perfect location for people looking to experience the thrill of bungee jumping amid scenic beauty.

Delhi:In the National Capital, there is a bungee jumping facility located in the amusement park of the Entertainment City, which offers a 50-meter-high platform.

It is essential to note that bungee jumping can be dangerous, and it is necessary to follow the safety guidelines provided by the operators. Always check the credentials of the operator, and never attempt the activity if you have any medical conditions that could be exacerbated by the activity.

Guidelines For Bungee Jumping

Introduction 2.1 Bungy Jump is a land based extreme adventure sports activity in which the jumper is made to jump from a height with a rubber cord tied to his ankle. It is an extremely dangerous activity if proper precautions are not taken and safety procedures are not followed. However, once the safety procedures are followed and jump platform is constructed according to safety guidelines this activity is very safe and chances of accidents are greatly reduced.

Guides/Instructors

The jump staff particularly the jump masters should be properly trained and have vast experience in this activity. They should possess a calm and mature attitude and have an eye for detail/errors. They require a very high level of physical fitness, self-discipline, excellent communication and risk management skills and also the motivation to perform these activities.

Equipment

The equipment used for bungy jump should be certified and procured from reputed companies. The storage and maintenance of the equipment has to be proper. Regular inspection of the equipment should be carried out and record should be maintained. No unauthorized person should have access to the equipment. All the discarded equipment should be removed from the site and destroyed. Rubber has to be procured from a reputed and recognized source. Its shelf life should be recorded. The rubber has to be stored in a cool dark place and saved from UV rays. Regular inspection should be carried out. Bungee cords should be made by the jump masters and certified. The record of jumps must be maintained.

Inspection and Maintenance Procedures

The inspection should be done as per the Safety Manual. Daily, weekly and yearly inspection should be carried out and recorded. The record of all inspections should be entered in the safety log to be maintained at the site.Regular maintenance of the equipment being used must be done and recorded.

SOPs and Operating instruction

Since there are no Indian standards, it is recommended that operations are carried out as per Australian and New Zealand standards. No Dilution in these standards is acceptable. The site should have SOPs for operations and rescue drills. The age limit for bungy jumping is 12 - 45 years. Minimum weight allowed for a jump is 40 kgs and maximum weight allowed is 110 kgs.

Documentations

The following documents are required to be maintained at the site.

a) Record of equipment.

b) Safety log.

c) Maintenance log.

d) Record of rubber.

e) Jump log.

f) Incident folders.

g) Medical Record.

h) First Aid Kit Record.

i) Insurance Record.

j) Staff training record.

k) Dossier of Jumpmaster.

Risk Mitigation

The following measures will reduce the risk factor.

a) Every Jump should be treated as a first Jump

b) A highly experienced person should be appointed as the jump master.

c) Jump master’s word should be final and binding.

d) Continuous training of the staff.

e) Regular testing of the staff.

f) Regular practice of rescue drill.

g) Inspection and updating of the equipment.

h) Recording of the jumps.

i) All incidents to be reported, discussed and recorded.

j) Updating of safety procedures.

k) Motivation and welfare of the staff.

Emergencies and Rescues

The staff should be fully prepared to deal with the emergencies and carry out rescue as per the SOP without looking for orders and in minimum time frame. The following will help in mitigating risk:

a) Awareness of risks

b) Training in rescues

c) First Aid/CPR & other medical training of the staff

d) An Emergency Action Plan should be in position and training for the same provided periodically to the staff.

e) Doctor on call

f) Rescue evacuation to be worked out

g) Tie up with local hospital

h) Procedure for reporting of incidents

i) Insurance of the jumpers and staff

j) Funds ear marked and available for medical cover.

k) Regular briefing of the staff

Safety Briefing

Safety briefing to be given personally by the jump master and audio-visual briefing is also recommended. Disclaimer form should be signed by the jumpers. Safety briefing should be repeated before the activity. The safety measures should be displayed at a number of places prominently.

Medical concern

 The Medical restrictions should bedisplayed prominently. Fitness Certificate to be signed by the jumpers. No compromise to be made in case of any medical problem. Medical restrictions for bungy jumping include: 1. Heart problem 2. High blood pressure 3. Neurological disorder 4. Spondylitis 5. Back issues 6. Recent fracture, surgery or hospitalisation 7. Epilepsy 8. Osteoporosis 9. Pregnancy.

BASIC MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR GRANT OF RECOGNITION TO BUNGY OPERATORS:

Since there are no Indian standards, it is recommended that operations are carried out as per New Zealand standards (AS/NZS 5848:2000). This Standard specifies and gives guidance on the site and site approval, the design, testing and approval of equipment, the management of the operation, the operating procedures, the emergency provisions and procedures and registration of operating staff of a bungy jumping operation. No Dilution in these standards is acceptable.

It is highly recommended that any outfit, entity, establishment or company seeking grant for recognition must fulfil these desirable criteria:

a) The entity must own specialized certified equipment commensurate with needs of

undertaking and running such an operation (listed above).

b) The entity must have qualified personnel (minimum two full time qualified jump masters) on their payroll (listed above). These personnel must carry the requisite experience in the activity and have          valid First Aid & CPR certification.

c) The entity must operate with the required permits / licenses.

d) It is recommended that the entity is registered with the state tourism department / recognized by the Ministry of Tourism, Govt of India.

e) The entity must have a registered office.

f) The company must follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and conform to high sustainability standards.

Cycling tours

Cycling tours are a popular way to explore India and experience the diverse cultures, landscapes, and attractions of the country.Cycling tours are a popular way to explore India's diverse landscapes, from the rugged mountains of the Himalayas to the serene backwaters of Kerala. Some of the popular cycling tours in India include:

Ladakh: The rugged terrain of Ladakh offers a challenging yet rewarding cycling experience. The tour takes you through high altitude mountain passes, picturesque valleys, and remote villages.

Rajasthan: The colourful state of Rajasthan offers a cultural and scenic cycling tour, where you can explore the vibrant cities, ancient forts, and palaces, and stunning desert landscapes.

Kerala: The lush green landscapes of Kerala offer a relaxed and scenic cycling experience, where you can explore the serene backwaters, tea and spice plantations, and picturesque coastal villages.

Sikkim:Sikkim is a popular destination for cycling tours, offering stunning views of the Himalayan mountains, pristine lakes, and quaint villages. The tour usually covers cities like Gangtok, Pelling, and Ravangla.

Goa: Cycling tours in Goa offer a unique experience, with riders exploring the beaches, coastal villages, and scenic countryside. The tour usually covers cities like Panaji, Mapusa, and Old Goa.

Tamil Nadu:The temple towns of Tamil Nadu offer a cultural and spiritual cycling tour, where you can visit ancient temples, historic monuments, and traditional villages.

Himachal Pradesh:The scenic state of Himachal Pradesh offers a cycling tour through the Himalayas, where you can ride through stunning mountain landscapes, quaint villages, and picturesque valleys.

It is essential to choose a reputable cycling tour operator who provides quality bikes, experienced guides, and necessary safety equipment. Always carry adequate water and food, wear appropriate safety gear, and follow traffic rules and regulations. Cycling tours are an excellent way to explore India's diverse landscapes, culture, and traditions while promoting sustainable tourism practices.

Guidelines For Cycling Tours

Introduction

Bicycling tours in India have been managed by privately owned companies and do not fall under the purview of any government or any community-instituted central body. The Cycling Federation of India organizes races and tours for licensed elite athletes for prize money. Any tours where amateur athletes/ holidaymakers are entering into a commercial contract with a touring experience provider do not require any permissions from any sport related bodies.

Adventure Guides/ Instructors:Basic minimum qualifications and experience

 While there are no technical criteria of qualifications required, these are experiences that will help a tour leader ensure a successful trip:

a) Experience of being in the saddle and riding the distance covered per day. This will ensure that they are alert and not fighting their own fatigue. In a staged tour that lasts multiple days, the guests will experience cumulative fatigue; the tour leader cannot be in the same position. They need to have spent time cycling, so they do not experience saddle soreness and are able to help their charges and ensure a good experience for them.

b) Knowledge of the terrain being traversed, potential hazards of that area, typical weather conditions, in addition to knowledge of Hindi, English and or local language is required.

c) The knowledge to assess which customer needs what size of helmet and how to tighten or loosen the various straps to ensure a snug fit on their heads.

d) First-aid and CPR certification.

e) Basic knowledge of bike maintenance while on tour and fixing issues such aspunctures, gears not working well and other such minor repairs.

f) Owning a government authorized identity card and keeping it with them for the duration of the tour.

Training

 No specific training is required to be a cycling tour operator in India. However, it is helpful if the organizers meet the basic qualifications listed above. It will go a long way towards ensuring the safety and well-being of your clients and your own confidence in your operation.

Equipment required

Tour operators usually give their clients the option of bringing their own bicycles or providing bicycles to them.

a) In the former case, the minimum materials needed would be spares (tyres, tubes, tyre levers, patch kits, brake and gear cables and their housing, chains, chain links, lubricants, floor pump with presta and shredder valves, multi tool or allen keys, small screw drivers, duct tape and zip ties.

b) In the latter case, in addition to the above, add bicycle specific spare components such as brake shoes, drivetrain components, spokes, spoke wrench, etc.

c) Bikes should be delivered to the clients fully built and ready to ride after individual saddle height adjustments.

Cycling Grades

It is important to categorise the biking / road cycling itinerary with proper grades so that the clients can chose their trip as per their level of fitness and preparedness: Grade 1: Easy - For those new to cycling or who don’t have a high level of fitness. Easy combination of flatter or gently undulating routes. For riders seeking a very relaxed holiday. Beginners: 20-40 miles / 30-60 kms. per day.

Grade 2: Gentle - On undulating or rolling terrain, occasional moderate / challenging climbs. No high-altitude ascents & the odd short steep climbs. For semi-regular riders / relative novices wishing to gain experience & fitness. 40-50 miles / 60-80 kms per day.

 Grade 3: Moderate - For riders with experience, good fitness & a decent level of skill. Some features that may be experiencedmore frequently in a higher-grade tour. Most days include a couple of significant climbs. Some long days & some steep to very steep sections. Not for beginners. 45-60 miles / 70-95 kms per day.

Grade 4: Challenging - For cyclists with stamina & a good level of fitness. Long & challenging days with multiple tough or high-altitude ascents, with steep sections over extended distances. Long & often technically demanding descents. Road riding for experienced riders. 45-95 miles / 80-160 kms per day.

Grade 5: Demanding - Designed for cyclists with good stamina and a high level of fitness. Consecutively long, challenging days with multiple serious or high-altitude ascents. Frequent steep or very steep stages occasionally over extended distances. Includes long and often technically demanding descents. Serious road riding for experienced riders only. 60-100 miles / 95-160kms per day.

Equipment cares and maintenance

 Maintaining the bicycles is critical to ensure every group of customers has a good experience. To do so, here are components of the trip that need care:

Bicycles

a) Ensure the bicycles are given care after every trip. This would include:

i) Cleaning the bicycle.

ii) Lubricating the chain.

iii) Drivetrain service.

iv) Check chain health.

v) Check brake and gear cable tension.

b) Get a complete strip down service done with a trusted bicycle shop, for each bicycle every 1000 kms. You should get from them, a list of jobs carried out per cycle, parts replaced and have a sense of how long each of the parts are likely to last.

c) If the bicycles have been through a tough rocky terrain or a muddy region, inspection for damage and/ or sending them for inspection to a bicycle shop is recommended.

Helmets

a) Cycling helmets by respectable brands, stocked for all sizes from extra small (XS) to extra-large (XL).

b) It is mandatory to always use helmets on all rides and.

Lights

a) Head lights: Head lights that are powerful enough to see the road at night/ in foggy or rainy conditions. Typically, headlights with mounts, that can be removed easily when the bikes are being left by themselves.

b) Taillamps: Taillamps that are powerful enough to be visible and provide the option of rapid blinking, so they are more visible to oncoming motor vehicles.

c) Spare batteries for each of the lights.

Material carrying equipment& safety equipment

a) Panniers and racks for luggage.

b) Bungee cords to tie additional material to the bike rack.

c) Cable locks to lock the rear tyre, possibly the front tyre, the frame of the bicycle to a pole, a gate or a similar construction.

SOPs & Operating Instructions

SOPs:

a) Inspect gears 1-2 days before travel.

b) Check weather conditions.

c) Reach out to all service providers en route and get confirmations, if possible, on email, of the terms of agreement with them.

d) Check cash, cheque, and card usage en route and ensure there are sufficient funds.

Operating instructions

 Instructions for tour leaders to customers:

a) Give all customers a safety briefing at the start of the tour, such as not riding more than two abreast, right of way to larger vehicles, hand signals and following instructions of the tour leader.

b) Explain to them how the bicycle gear’s function.

c) Get them used to riding on seat posts, heights that are higher than what they arelikely to be used to, from childhood, if these are inexperienced cyclists.

d) Explain the importance of a helmet to be worn at all times on the saddle, the right way to wear one snugly and the importance of wearing a helmet of the correct size.

e) Check for medication clients are on and ensure that they are carrying sufficient dosage for the duration of the tour.

 f) In case of self-guided trips, the guides MUST give the travellers a briefing of do’s and don’ts including how to engage with the locals and where to stop / not stop.

g) Self-guided riders must check in with the local operator on a daily basis to update them on their wellbeing.

Documentation

a) Maintain a log book of all gear (cycles, helmets, racks, panniers, backpacks, lights, locks, etc.).

b) Copies of permits to enter a region, if relevant.

c) Copies of the tour operator’s credentials.

d) Copies of the identity and emergency contact details of each client.

e) Mandatory insurance copies of each client.

 f) List of doctors & hospitals as well as ambulance providers along the route.

 g) List of reliable bicycling stores (which manage the cycle brands being used) along the route.

 h) Emergency Action Plan.

Risk Mitigation

 Risk to humans

a) Recommend a comprehensive medical check-up prior to a tour. Ask for a doctor’s certificate of fitness while signing up for the trip, if the distance and terrain are challenging.

b) Ensure customers have medical insurance and that copies of the insurance are handed over to the guide before the start of the trip.

c) Ensure you have information like blood group, known allergies, known medical conditions, emergency contact persons (at least two names and numbers).

d) An indemnity form signed by each tour participant that states that they are taking sole responsibility for their own well-being during the trip and this legally keeps the tour leader and touring company        safe.

e) In case of self-guided trips, a detailed briefing covering the cultural situation in India, safety of women etc. should be given prior to commencement of the trip.

Equipment risk

Tour operators must ensure that:

a) A comprehensive first-aid kit is carried on the trip. Do ensure that all medicines are within expiry period.

b) All bicycles are in good condition to ride – this should be confirmed by a service professional.

c) Lights (head lights and taillamps) on all bicycles.

d) Helmets for all riders.

e) Support vehicle is close-by at all times.

f) In a group with people of varied abilities the operating company must ensure that there is a leader and follower for every day.

Emergencies & Rescues

a) To deal with an evacuation required due to natural disasters etc., assess emergency evacuation procedures for the various places the tour will go to.

b) In an emergency situation, the touring group takes and follows instructions from the tour leader. This information needs to be communicated to the group at the start of every tour.

c) The Tour Leader must assess the situation and administer first aid as appropriate and call for back-up as soon as possible.

d) To deal with cases of medical emergencies, assess proximity to hospitals, time taken to reach there and mode of transport.

e) If there is a medical emergency and the tour leader is occupied with the emergency, the company must set a practice of how to manage the rest of the group.

Safety briefing

Leaders are required to give a brief demonstration of the bike (brakes, gears, any possible adjustments). It is recommended this happens before clients are given their individual bikes to ensure that they all focus on the explanation. The briefing to the clients must include:

a) Keeping identification with them always.

b) Taking ownership for assessing if they feel unwell or not up to the trip at any point and alert the tour leader.

c) Riding safely, riding as per traffic rules.

d) Keeping their helmet on at all times, while on the saddle.

e) Using lights when conditions require it.

 f) Cleaning bicycles and keeping them ready for the next day of travel.

g) Following instructions of the tour leader at all times, especially emergencies briefings during the trip:

Evening briefings: On the evening prior to each ride the leader must explain the next day’s riding to the whole group. Points covered will include:

i)Using a map to show the overview of the route for the day.

ii) Any included transfers needed as part of the travel on that day.

iiii) Expected distance of the days ride.

iv) Expected terrain (road surface, ascent, and descent).

v) Planned stops: notable rest stops, lunch, and any visits.

vi) Where the ride will finish and the accommodation, they will be using that night.

Next section’ route descriptions

 At rest stops and re-grouping points during the ride leaders are expected to give short ‘next section’ briefing to let clients know what is coming up:

i) The distance and approximate duration of the next section.

ii) Any known hazards (road surface, heavy traffic, steep descents, difficult route finding etc) and how to avoid them.

iii) Any directions and junctions the group should look out for.

iv) Points of interest to look out for

 v) The next planned stopping or regrouping point.

Medical concerns

 Covered above.

Basic Minimum Standards” for grant of recognition to operators

a)Tour operator organization to have:

i) Minimum two personnel qualified for the job (specified above).

 ii) First aid /CPR certified personnel.

iii) Well maintained bicycles, (if being offered),basic safety equipment and tools.

 iv) Knowledge of the region – history, geography and culture; permits needed for the region, inherent risks (natural, political, social, etc.).

v) Registered office.

vi) Recognition by local / state tourism department.

b) Tour leaders with experience of:

i) Riding bicycles on the road for multiple days and riding the distance covered by the tour.

ii) Good communication skills.

iii) Ability to converse with government authorities and get relevant permissions.

iv) Ability to plan and schedule all events in advance.

v) Ability to deal with and iron out issues on the trip.

vi) Administering first aid and helping clients with medical insurance should the situation arise.

c). The company must follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and conform to high sustainability standards

Section for Mountain Biking

 Guidelines for mountain biking tours are similar to biking. There are some additional MTB specific guidelines a tour operator must ensure:

Trail rules for mountain biking

a) Ride open trails only:

i) Do not use prohibited trails. Innational parks only designated trails are permitted.

ii) Take necessary permission for restricted trails. Reserve forests may issue entry ticket with fees.

iii) Respect land rules for open trails.

b) Leave no trace:

i) Wet and muddy trails are more vulnerable to damage than dry ones.

ii) When trail is soft, consider other riding options. Do not create new trails or cut switchbacks.

 iii) Do not ride around standing water, it widens the trail.

iv) Pack out as much as you pack in. Also consider picking up any litter on the trail.

c) Control your bicycle:

i) Lack of attention even for a moment can lead to serious problems for the rider and others.

d)Follow suggested speed limit.

e)Trail etiquette:

i) Make all efforts to alert other trail users. A friendly greeting or ringing the bell will do.

ii) All downhill users must yield to uphill users.

iii) All mountain bikers must yield to trekkers and animals on trails.

iv) Always anticipate other trail users around corners.

f)It is important to watch out for animals on the trail.

g)Plan ahead for unusual conditions:

i) Know your equipment, ability, terrain, riding conditions, weather and available resources on route.

ii) Always stay in touch with your group.

iii) Carry clothes for change in weather conditions.

 iv) Strive to be self-sufficient.

v) Follow all safety rules.

Camel safaris

Camel safaris are a popular way to explore the desert landscapes of India, particularly in the state of Rajasthan. Camel safaris offer a unique experience, allowing participants to explore the remote villages, historic forts, and palaces of the state while enjoying the slow-paced, traditional mode of transport. Some of the popular destinations for camel safaris in India include:

1. Jaisalmer: Jaisalmer is known as the "Golden City," and it offers a unique desert experience, with riders exploring the sand dunes, remote villages, and historic forts. The tour usually covers cities like Jaisalmer, Bada Bagh, and Sam Sand Dunes.
2. Bikaner: Bikaner offers a unique desert experience, with riders exploring the sand dunes, remote villages, and historic temples. The tour usually covers cities like Bikaner, Gajner, and Khimsar.
3. Jodhpur: Jodhpur offers a unique desert experience, with riders exploring the sand dunes, remote villages, and historic forts. The tour usually covers cities like Jodhpur, Osian, and Khimsar.
4. Pushkar: Pushkar offers a unique desert experience, with riders exploring the sand dunes, remote villages, and historic temples. The tour usually covers cities like Pushkar, Ajmer, and Nagaur.Top of Form

5. Osian:Osian, located in the Thar Desert in Rajasthan, offers camel safaris that cover the sand dunes, remote villages, and ancient temples of the region.

Guidelines For Camel Safaris

Camel Guides: Basic minimum qualifications and experience

a) The animal should be healthy and of a good size. The camel should not be too young since a young camel is often not strong enough to carry the weight of a rider. b) All camels in Rajasthan are Dromedaries (with a single hump) and the saddle used on safaris seats two people. Two persons should get on the same camel only if their combined weight is below 65 kgs.

c) The tack used on the camel must be of good quality and comfortable for both camel and rider.

d) Stirrups must be provided with the saddle for the riders. e) The girth must be secured properly, otherwise the saddle might slip and it is a long way down for the rider.

Training Programmes for Camel Guides shouldinclude:

a) Good desert knowledge and field training in desert ecosystems.

b) Provide vernacular medium literature for local guides.

c) Training in soft skills like communication, hospitality & hygiene.

d) Importance of being well turned out.

e) First Aid training to handle medical emergencies and also scaled viper bites and scorpion stings.

f) For multiday camel trips it is recommended to limit distance per day to under 20kms on camel back.

Suggested Minimum Qualification and Experience for Camel Guides:

 a) First Aid certification.

b) Should have comprehensive knowledge of desert ecosystems.

c) Minimum five years’ experience of working with animals.

Equipment required while on camel safari

 a) Good Binoculars/ Spotting Scope.

b) Optional - Good camera.

c) Books and Field Guides for Desert Birds/Mammals/Snakes/Insects etc are a must.

Equipment care and maintenance:

 Camels must be treated well and looked after.

Inspection & Maintenance Procedures

a) Health of the camels must be monitored on a continuous basis.

 b) There is a need for regular refresher courses and certification for guides.

c) Medical kit to be checked for expiry dates of medicines.

d) Binoculars have moving parts and are very sensitive equipment. They need regular checks for fungus and parallax.

SOPs & Operating Instructions

a) Weather/ climate briefing: Before setting off on a Camel Safari, the guide must brief the client on expected weather conditions during the trip, trip duration and safety factors.

b) As dehydration is a distinct possibility on a camel safari, sufficient fluids and light refreshments for any unexpected delays should be carried.

c) The guides should be well trained and serve as good ambassadors of the country. d) The guides should brief guests about local traditions and customs.

Documentation

a) The guests must sign the disclaimer before they get on the camel.

 Risk Mitigation

a) The Camel handler must not be allowed to ride on the same camel as the guests. b) The guests must be briefed properly about how they should transfer their weight when the camel stands up and sits down. (In order for the rider to mount and dismount).

c) Problems associated with stings and bites are a possibility. Do brief the clients to be sufficiently prepared and appropriately dressed.

 d) Camel Safari can bring in clients who are unfit/ or allergic to certain weather conditions. Brief medical condition of the client should be known. Specific instructions to carry the necessary medicines – owing to the paucity of good medical help in close proximity to wilderness areas, should be conveyed to the field staff prior to the trip.

Emergencies & Rescues

a) All resorts, trail leaders and guides must be aware of the nearest medical facility and the evacuation means.

b) Guides must know basic first aid to handle heat stroke and other weather-related issues.

c) Emergencies could most often be due to medical condition of the client or due to snake bite/sting.

d) A comprehensive Emergency Action Plan should be in position. All field staff must be trained and familiar with the Emergency Action Plan.

Safety briefing

Briefings for a good camel safari experience should include the following: a) Appropriate dressing for the season.

b) Any medicines that might need to be carried and rehydration fluids.

c) There are very few field toilets in India. Use of the bush needs utmost care.

d) Ensuring zero garbage and a strict ‘leave no trace’ policy in wilderness areas. There is a need to take back all garbage to the base camp.

Medical concerns

 a) Elderly clients and clients with need of regular medicines should be warned of poor medical facilities in the proximity of wilderness areas.

b) First aid kits with material like sanitary napkins should be carried on the trip.

“Basic Minimum Standards” for grant of recognition to operators

 The Adventure Tourism industry is now moving towards Environmentally Responsible Operators and expects certain basic standards to be maintained like:

a) Responsible Tourism with sensitivity to the local people and their culture must be an integral part of the trip. A Waste Management Plan should be in place.

b) Interpretation: This is one of the most important activities to educate and involve clients. Camel safari operators must invest in training good guides.

c) Supporting local population and economy: Operators must be able to employ and capacity build local population to benefit from tourism. As far as possible the handicraft purchasing policy must reflect ‘Buy Local’ policy. It supports the local economy and operators can provide their clients with a realistic local experience.

d) CSR Activity: Operators should be supportive of the local needs of education, medical and sporting activities.

It is highly recommended that any outfit, entity, establishment or company seeking grant for recognition as a camel safari operator must fulfil these desirable criteria:

a) Camel safari operators must own / have access to good quality riding equipment like saddles and tack.

b) The entity must have qualified personnel (minimum two full time qualified staff) on their payroll. The entity must operate with the required permits.

I) It is recommended that the entity is registered with the state tourism department / recognized by the Ministry of Tourism, Govt of India.

ii) The entity must have a registered office.

iii) The camel safari company must follow a strict ' leave no trace' policy and conform to high sustainability standards.

Horse Safaris

Horse safaris in India are a wonderful way to experience the country's diverse landscapes and rich cultural heritage. India has a long and fascinating history of equestrianism, with horses playing an important role in many aspects of Indian life.

Horse safaris in India are typically led by experienced guides who are knowledgeable about the local culture and history. The horses used for these safaris are typically well-trained and suitable for riders of all levels, from beginners to experienced equestrians.Here are some popular horse safari destinations in India:

1. Rajasthan: The state of Rajasthan is a popular destination for horse safaris in India, with its vast deserts, forts, and palaces. Some of the popular horse safari routes in Rajasthan include the Aravalli Range, Shekhawati region, and Ranthambore National Park.
2. Ladakh: The high-altitude region of Ladakh in northern India offers stunning vistas of snow-capped mountains and vast plateaus. Horse safaris in Ladakh typically start from Leh and take you through remote villages and scenic mountain passes.
3. Uttarakhand: The state of Uttarakhand in northern India is known for its pristine natural beauty and charming hill towns. Horse safaris in Uttarakhand usually take you through the Kumaon region, passing through lush forests, picturesque valleys, and scenic villages.
4. Karnataka: The southern state of Karnataka offers horse safaris through the Western Ghats, one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. These safaris take you through coffee plantations, spice gardens, and lush forests, and offer an opportunity to spot exotic wildlife like elephants and tigers.
5. Maharashtra: The state of Maharashtra in western India is home to several national parks and wildlife reserves, making it an excellent destination for horse safaris. Some popular horse safari routes in Maharashtra include the Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve, Sanjay Gandhi National Park, and the Sahyadri Range.

A word of caution here, most riders tend to overestimate their riding abilities. Most riders do not realize that a well-schooled, advanced, powerful horse could severely injure a rider who is not well-matched. Therefore, it is imperative to match the right horse to a rider to avoid accidents.

In general, horse safaris in India can range from a few days to several weeks, and can be customized to suit your interests and budget. It's important to choose a reputable tour operator who can provide well-trained horses, experienced guides, and all the necessary equipment for a safe and comfortable trip.

Guidelines For Horse SafarisTop of Form

Suggested Minimum requirements:

Equipment:

a) The equipment used on the horses should be of specified standard quality. Eg. Saddle and tack.

b) All people conducting horse safaris should be able to provide proper safety helmets, clothing and riding equipment.

c) The tack and saddle must be of high quality. Good quality saddles are not only for the comfort of the rider but it is also for the comfort of the horse. A good fitting saddle will minimise saddle sores for the animal.

d) The bridle and bits used must not be severe. A severe bit can seriously injure a horse if not used correctly. A simple snaffle or French link bit is ideal and recommended. In short, the tack must not cause pain or injury to the horse or rider in any way.

Guides:

a) Horse riding guides should be accomplished riders and have a good knowledge of the terrain.

b) Guides should have valid FA certification and regular refresher courses to recertify them should be conducted.

c) Guides should be well trained and serve as good ambassadors of the country.

d) Guides should brief guests about local traditions and customs.

e) Guides must have on them the following equipment:

i) Binoculars/ Spotting Scope.

ii) Books and Field Guides for Birds/ Mammals/ Snakes/ Butterflies/ Insects/Amphibians.

iii) First aid kit. iv) Torch, GPS, maps.

SOPs & Operating Instructions

For horses and equipment care

a) The horses should be preferably owned by the service provider. This will ensure the quality of the horses, the basic well-being of the animal and that the horse is healthy enough to do the safari (not lame or malnourished).

b) Quality check of riding equipment before every season is a must.

c) Guides should check medical kits for expiry dates of medicines.

For safaris

a) Weather briefing: Before setting off on a horse ride, the guide must brief the riders on expected temperatures/ rain during the trip.

b) Dehydration is a worry and a vehicle with water and light refreshments for any unexpected delays should accompany the riders and meet them at different pre-scheduled spots along the trail.

c) Garbage disposal is a big issue while visiting remote areas. Empty chips, wrappers are salt laced and there a chance of wild animals swallowing them and choking and dying.

d) The distance covered in a day’s ride should not exceed 35 to 40 kms and that too if the riders are experienced.

e) An experienced rider should weigh less than 90 kgs and an inexperienced rider should weigh less than 85 kgs.

f) The horses and their well-being must come first. Utmost care should be taken in case of soreness or injury to the horse. An injured horse must be replaced.

Documentation

a) A disclaimer must be signed by all riders before they are allowed to get on the horse.

b) Complete information of all riders including emergency contact details should be present with the operator.

c) An Emergency Action Plan should be in position.

d) Contact numbers of local hospitals, ambulance and police stations.

Risks

 a) Falls from a horse are a possibility.

b) Horse going violent in certain situations cannot be ruled out.

c) Medical facilities are poor in wilderness areas.

Risk Mitigation

 Horse riding comes with a number of risks including dehydration, exhaustion and injuries. Stings and bites (also from horse flies) are also a possibility.

To mitigate these risks: -

a) Briefing riders to dress appropriately is the first step.

b) The person conducting the safari must be an accomplished rider and should be able to gauge the ability of clients and set the pace accordingly.

c) The riders must not be allowed to gallop off on their own even if they are experienced riders as they are riding in unfamiliar terrain.

d) The activity providers should have prior knowledge of allergies/ other medical ailments vis a vis rider and be prepared to handle medical issues.

e) The guides must know basic first aid and should carry a comprehensive First Aid kit.

f) As emergencies like snake bites and bee stings need immediate assistance, evacuation/ access to the nearest Primary Health Centre/ Civil Hospital should be planned for.

Emergencies & Rescues

a) All guides and horse safari operators must be aware of the nearest medical facility and evacuation procedures.

b) An Emergency Action Plan must be in position.

Safety briefing to riders should include the following points:

a) Riders must have the necessary gear on them before they mount the horse.

b) A well fitted riding helmet is a must.

c) Boots with heals are recommended to stop the foot from sliding too deep into the stirrup. Half Chaps are ideal. They are easy to pack and serve the purpose of a full-length riding boot.

d) Appropriate clothes for the season.

e) The riders must carry a day pack with rehydration fluids, personal medicines, sun block, sun screen etc.

f) There are very few field toilets in India. One has to be extremely careful when using the bush.

g) Must ensure zero garbage policy in wilderness areas. They should be asked to take back all garbage back to resort/ base camp.

“Basic Minimum Standards” for grant of recognition to operators:

It is highly recommended that any outfit, entity, establishment or company seeking grant for recognition as a horse safari operator must fulfil these desirable criteria:

a) The horse safari operator should preferably own the horses or the operator should have the ability to hire horses appropriate for the safari. This will ensure the quality of the horses, the basic well-being of the animal and that the horse ishealthy enough to do the safari (not lame or malnourished).

 b) Horse safari operators must own high quality riding equipment like saddles, tack and helmets.

c) The entity must have qualified personnel (minimum two full time qualified staff) on their payroll (specified above). These personnel must carry the requisite experience in horse riding and have valid        First Aid & CPR certification.

i) The entity must operate with the required permits.

 ii) It is recommended that the entity is registered with the state tourism department / recognized by the Ministry of Tourism, Govt of India.

iii) The entity must have a registered office.

 iv) The horse safari company must follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and conform to high sustainability standards.

Jeep Safari

Jeep safaris in India are a popular way to explore the country's diverse landscapes and wildlife.Jeep Safaris provide opportunities to explore the incredible wilderness and majestic landscapes and opportunities to discover the unique customs, lifestyles and cultures of people in faraway lands. It then becomes the solemn duty of all those conducting safaris, to preserve and protect all that they showcase. Here are some popular jeep safari destinations in India:

Ranthambore National Park: Located in the state of Rajasthan, Ranthambore National Park is one of the best places in India to spot tigers in their natural habitat. Jeep safaris in Ranthambore usually last for about three hours and are conducted in the early morning and late afternoon.

Jim Corbett National Park: Located in the state of Uttarakhand, Jim Corbett National Park is known for its diverse wildlife and stunning landscapes. Jeep safaris in Jim Corbett National Park take you through dense forests, grasslands, and riverbeds, and offer a chance to spot tigers, leopards, elephants, and several other species.

Kazi Ranga National Park: Located in the state of Assam, Kaziranga National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and home to the largest population of one-horned rhinoceroses in the world. Jeep safaris in Kaziranga offer an opportunity to spot these majestic animals, as well as elephants, tigers, and several bird species.

Bandhavgarh National Park: Located in the state of Madhya Pradesh, Bandhavgarh National Park is known for its high density of tigers and its stunning landscapes. Jeep safaris in Bandhavgarh take you through dense forests, grasslands, and rocky hills, and offer a chance to spot tigers, leopards, and several other species.

Nagarhole National Park: Located in the state of Karnataka, Nagarhole National Park is known for its diverse wildlife and stunning landscapes. Jeep safaris in Nagarhole take you through dense forests, grasslands, and riverbeds, and offer a chance to spot tigers, leopards, elephants, and several bird species.

In general, jeep safaris in India can range from a few hours to several days, and can be customized to suit your interests and budget. It's important to choose a reputable tour operator who can provide experienced guides, well-maintained vehicles, and all the necessary equipment for a safe and comfortable trip.

Guidelines For Jeep Safari

Jeep Safari Vehicles: Basic requirements

The most important feature in this activity is the vehicle: -

a) Road worthy condition of the vehicle to be checked before each trip, norms to be fixed to ensure the physical fitness of drivers whenever necessary.

b) The tyres should have correct air pressure.

c) Any modifications done to the seating etc must be of the highest quality ensuring complete safety standards. There should be no sharp edges in the welding work. There should be enough leg and head room for the comfort of the passengers.

d) The seats should all be forward facing and seat belts are a must.

e) There must be a well-equipped First Aid Kit and a fire extinguisher in every vehicle.

f) It must look good from outside as well as inside. The vehicle interior (upholstery, carpet, overhead luggage racks etc.) shouldbe absolutely neat and clean. The windows must be spotlessly clean.

Safari Drivers: Basic minimum qualifications and experience

a) Drivers must have a valid driving license.

b) They must be experienced. In case of “off-roading”, they must have the expertise to navigate their vehicle through difficult terrain.

c) The driver should ensure that all permits are acquired before the trip and guests are not kept waiting during the journey for want of any documentation.

d) Need to conduct regular Training Programmes for Drivers. A comprehensive syllabus for drivers to be developed which should include the following points:-

i) Training should focus on honing basic vehicle maintenance, driving & off-road driving skills

ii) Drivers should wear seat belts and ensure that the occupants also always use seatbelts.

 iii) No drinking / use of illicit drugs and driving.

iv) Mobile telephones should be kept on silent mode while driving.

v)Good understanding of local customs and traditions is a must to prevent any conflicts.

vi)Soft skills like hospitality and hygiene should be looked into. The drivers must be polite and well-turned out.

vii) First aid training to handle common medical emergencies and also bites and stings.

e) No refueling to be done with guests on board.

Equipment required in vehicle

a) First aid kit.

b) Fire Fighting equipment.

Equipment cares and maintenance

a) Regular vehicle maintenance is a must for safaris.

b) Additionally, kit must have belts, fuses, spare tyres and tools.

Inspection & Maintenance Procedures

a) There is a need for regular refresher courses for Jeep Safari Drivers.

b) Firefighting equipment and medical kit to be checked for expiry dates.

SOPs & Operating Instructions

a) Drivers should be permanently employees of the safari service provider.

b) The drivers should know their vehicles well.

c) Vehicles should be properly inspected before every safari and a major inspection every 3 months.

d) Garbage is one of the most dangerous problems created by tourism. Drivers should carry all garbage back.

e) Drivers shall not operate a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, drugs, narcotics or medication that could impair their ability to safely operate the vehicle.

f) Drivers must not operate vehicles unless adequately rested and alert.

g) Drivers must remove the ignition key, put parking brakes on and lock the doors when leaving the vehicle.

Documentation

 a) In case of a self-drive safari, the guest must possess a valid driving license. The vehicle being driven must be insured along with third party insurance. Proper instructions must be given and briefings must be conducted before the drive, by the instructors.

b) An indemnity form must be signed by guests before they undertake the safari.

Risk Mitigation

a) The code of conduct for drivers should be reinforced before every safari.

b) Regular maintenance of vehicles will assuredly mitigate the risk of breakdowns.

Emergencies & Rescues

a) All drivers and trail leaders must know basic first aid.

b) They should be aware of emergency evacuation procedures in case of an accident.

c) They must be aware of the nearest medical facility along the route.

d) Emergencies could most often be due to bites/ sting, sun stroke and other weather-related situations. Emergencies like snake bites and bee stings need immediate assistance. Evacuation/ access to the nearest Primary Health Centre/ Civil Hospital should be planned for.

e) Winches, tow ropes, sand shovels and other rescue tools must be carried on the trip.

f) Walkie talky sets must be carried on the trip and convoy safety must be a part of the safety briefing prior to the trip.

Safety briefing

Trip leader briefing to guests before a Jeep Safari should include the following:

a) Guests should inform trip leader about any medical concerns and if any specific medicines need to be carried for that.

b) There are very few field toilets in India. Use of bush needs utmost care.

c) Ensuring zero garbage in wildernessareas. There is a need to take back all garbage back in the vehicle.

d) Elderly clients and clients with need of regular medicines should be warned of poor medical facilities in the proximity of wilderness areas.

Basic Minimum Standards” for grant of recognition to operators:

Basic Minimum Standards for grant of recognition to operators It is highly recommended that any outfit, entity, establishment or company seeking grant for recognition as a jeep safari operator must fulfil these desirable criteria:

a) The entity must either own vehicles or be able to hire good quality vehicles commensurate with needs of undertaking and running such an operation.

b) The entity must have qualified personnel (minimum two full time qualified staff) on their pay roll. These personnel must carry the requisite experience in the activity and have valid basic First Aid &      CPR certification.

c) The entity must operate with the required permits/licenses.

d) It is recommended that the entity is registered with the state tourism department/recognized by the Ministry of Tourism, Govt of India.

e) The entity must have a registered office.

f) The jeep safari company must follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and conform to high sustainability standards.

Motorcycle Tour

India is a popular destination for motorcycle tours, offering a unique and exhilarating experience for riders. However, it's important to plan carefully and ensure you have the necessary documents, equipment, and knowledge to stay safe on the road.India offers a vast and diverse landscape, making it an ideal destination for motorcycle tours.

Here are some tips for planning a motorcycle tour in India:

1. Research the best routes: India is a vast country with diverse landscapes and cultures. Do your research to find the best routes that suit your interests and riding style. Some popular routes include the Himalayan region, the coastal roads of Goa and Kerala, and the Golden Triangle (Delhi-Agra-Jaipur).
2. Get the necessary permits: You will need a valid international driver's license to ride in India. You may also need permits to ride in certain regions, such as Ladakh or Arunachal Pradesh. Make sure you have all the necessary permits before starting your journey.
3. Rent a motorcycle: There are many companies that rent motorcycles in India, including Royal Enfield and Harley Davidson. Make sure you choose a reliable rental company and check the condition of the motorcycle before renting.
4. Pack the right gear: India can have extreme weather conditions, so make sure you pack appropriate gear for your trip. This includes a helmet, protective clothing, rain gear, and sturdy boots.
5. Stay safe on the road: Indian roads can be chaotic and congested, so it's important to stay alert and follow traffic rules. Be aware of other vehicles, pedestrians, and animals on the road. Also, make sure you have adequate insurance coverage before starting your trip.
6. Experience local culture: India is known for its rich culture and history. Take the time to explore local markets, temples, and monuments along your route. Try local cuisine and interact with locals to get a true taste of India.

With proper planning and preparation, a motorcycle tour in India can be an unforgettable adventure.

Here are some of the top places for motorcycle tours in India:

1. Ladakh: Ladakh, also known as the Land of High Passes, is a popular destination for adventure enthusiasts. The region offers stunning views of snow-capped mountains, vast deserts, and serene lakes. The roads in Ladakh are challenging, but the scenery is worth it.
2. Rajasthan: Rajasthan is known for its rich history, vibrant culture, and royal architecture. The state offers a variety of terrains, including desert, hills, and plains. The roads are well-maintained and offer a smooth ride.
3. Kerala: Kerala is a tropical paradise with lush green forests, backwaters, and beaches. The coastal roads offer stunning views of the Arabian Sea, while the hill stations provide a cool escape from the heat.
4. Himachal Pradesh: Himachal Pradesh is known for its snow-capped mountains, alpine forests, and meandering rivers. The roads in Himachal Pradesh offer a thrilling ride, with hairpin bends and steep drops.
5. Tamil Nadu: Tamil Nadu is known for its rich culture, ancient temples, and stunning beaches. The roads in Tamil Nadu are well-maintained and offer a smooth ride.
6. Goa: Goa is a popular destination for beach lovers and partygoers. The coastal roads offer stunning views of the Arabian Sea, while the inland roads take you through quaint villages and scenic routes.

These are just a few of the top places for motorcycle tours in India. Remember to plan carefully and stay safe on the road.Adventure activities by their very nature involve some risks, these regulations are being introduced to ensure that tour operators who offer motorcycle adventure tours, have basic safety and operating standards in place.These regulations will give both foreign and domestic tourists confidence that appropriate steps have been taken to keep them safe and mitigate the risks involved.

Guidelines For Motorcycle TourTop of Form

Applicability

These regulations will apply to operations and services of travel agencies and tour operators, who organize or sell, motorcycle tourism related services to public for business purposes.

Objective 

To increase safety consciousness among tour operators as well as enabling tour operators to determine safety standards which apply to motorcycle tour operations and expeditions.

Adventure Guide/Instructor – Basic Minimum Qualifications and Experience

Who is an Operator? Any person whether employer, a principal, or self-employed person who provides an adventure activity to a person directly or indirectly for a payment, the purpose of which can be educational/recreational/ business and deliberately exposes the participant to a risk of a possible serious harm.

 Basic Qualifications/Requirements

 A tour guide/instructor should possess these basic minimumqualifications/experience.

a) Drivers Licence. Operator should have held a full motorcycle licence for a minimum of 5 years, and have adequate experienceof riding in all types of terrains in India - Himalayas, Coastal, Deserts, National parks etc.

b) Should preferably have completed a basic motorcycle safety course from a recognised Institute.

c) Should have basic knowledge of the working and running repair of a motorcycle, that is being used in the expedition.

d) Should have valid first aid and CPR certification.

 e) Have adequate computer skills and ability to handle/operate a GPS.

f) Have basic map reading skills and ability to use a compass.

g) Have customer handling and motorcycle group management skills.

h) Possess adequate know how of traffic rules and general rules and regulations of area of operation.

i) If the customer group does not speak Hindi or English, the operator must have a Guide who speaks the language of customer rider.

 j) For an expedition that is more than 4 days or operates in remote areas or had a group size more than 7 riders, a backup logistic truck may be provided. This could carry additional baggage, mechanical spares, reserve fuels etc.

Equipment Required

Based on the type of expedition and its duration, there is a comprehensive list of equipment that may be carried on a guided tour. Some basic essentials are listed below which, the operator must have and a recommended list for the client. The instructions to this effect must be conveyed to the customer, well in advance so that they come suitably prepared.

a) A suitable motorcycle according to the route planned. They could bring their own or may be rent it from the provider.

b) Suitable apparel according to the weather and safety gear to include certified safety helmet, high ankle boots, gloves, riding jacket, rain gear etc.

c) Communication equipment radio/ mobile/satellite phones (if applicable).

d) Marked Maps, GPS with pre-fed maps and route-distance Charts.

e) Handy tools and spares to carry out basic wilderness repairs including puncture repair kit.

f) First aid kit and if operating in a high-altitude area an oxygen cylinder and emergency contact numbers in case is assistance required for causality evacuation. g) Recording and photographic media with adequate batteries and power banks.

Equipment Care, Maintenance and Inspection

a) Operators must ensure that the vehicles used to provide a service are maintained to a standard that complies with or exceeds the servicing program specified by the manufacturer. Road worthy condition of the vehicle to be certified for each trip, norms to be fixed to ensure the Physical fitness of drivers whenever necessary.

b) A complete comprehensive review by a specialist should be done before every ride to ascertain top condition of engine, body, brakes, lights and tyres before letting a vehicle on rental/tour.

c)The inspections should include the following:

a) All controls, cables, lights, and battery.

b) All fluids engine, coolant, clutch and brakes.

c) Tyres, chain/belt and sprocket, suspension.

d) All major systems e.g., electrical, fuel, ignition, and engine etc.

Additionally, a system of daily checks should be in place to ensure optimum availability of a safe motorcycle during the day of ride.

SOP’S And Operating Instructions and Documentation

All operators must have in place a system of standard actions to be taken for various contingencies to ensure a satisfactory and consistent response to a situation and help provide a safer expedition environment. It is not possible to have a SOP for all possible contingencies, but at a basic level should cover following situations:

a) Pre ride checks and briefings to include local traffic rules.

b) Actions to be taken in case of motorcycle failure/accident.

c)Medical emergency response, minor/ major injury and evacuation.

d) Lost party member tracking and retrieval.

e) Group riding rules including night riding.

f) Motorcycle and safety gear inspection.

Documentation

a) All necessary government registrations, clearances and permits for tour operations.

b) Driving licences, motorcycle documents.

c) All insurances (both for equipment and personnel).

d) Carnets and overland permits. (As applicable)

e)International driving licences.

Risk Mitigation

• Risk management and mitigation in its broadest term is to understand the risk involved in a particular activity and to take appropriate steps to reduce or nullify the same. For example, hot weather riding, following can be done to mitigate the risk involved – cover up, hydrate, avoid caffeine, replace electrolytes, start early stop early and cool down. Similarly rainy weather, cold weather, Himalayan trail etc. requires specialist handling of riding group.
• There are two types of risks - subjective and objective. Subjective are inherent to the rider’s attitude. Objective are created by environmental, motorcycle, road and rider health conditions, these are the ones that tour operators need to focus on. Additionally, a written risk assessment should be carried out for each excursion/ tour. Involving identification and analysis of all contingencies and dangers involved, actions should be taken to mitigate these and participants should be informed of these special circumstances.

Emergencies And Rescue

 Emergency on a motorcycle tour can be majorly of two natures - equipment failure/ accident or medical nature e.g., a minor fall may just require first aid or a serious injury may require evacuation. Therefore, depending on severity of both detailed action plan / SOP should be available with the ride leader, including things like contact numbers of emergency services, to implement.

Safety Briefing

A pre ride safety briefing covering allaspects of risks and action to be taken both by conducting staff and the participants should be covered in details, some aspects are highlighted below.

a) Local traffic rules, speed limits and documents to be carried on person.

b) Wearing of protective gear.

c) Motorcycle controls, operation and pre-ride checks.

d) Rider responsibilities and risk awareness.

e) Group riding procedure to include lane position, following other vehicle, head lights, signals and parking.

f) Handling dangerous surfaces and any special riding conditions.

g) Night riding and fatigue.

h) Indemnity bond by participant.

i) Avoiding alcohol prior to/during the ride.

j) Staying hydrated and rest stops.

Medical Concerns

 These are of two types: personal and accident related during the ride. For personal medical conditions the client should be advised to carry sufficient medication and inform about the same to the ride leader. For accident related the ride leader should have a plan in addition to a well-stocked First Aid Kit.

Infections- An antibacterial disinfectant soap / sanitiser should be recommended to keep infections at bay.

 Inoculations-When travelling in rural areas have vaccinations against cholera andtetanus. Consult your local clinic for up-to-date information.

Acute Mountain Sickness- This applies to tours in Ladakh and high-altitude rides. Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) is an illness that can affect travellers at high altitude (typically above 10,000 feet or 3,050 meters). Tour leaders must have full knowledge of handling customers in such an environment - precautions and emergency procedures.

“Basic Minimum Standards for Grant of Recognition To Operators:

 a) The agency must own or have the ability to hire suitable, registered motorcycles and all accessories as specified above. The motorcycles must be well maintained, serviced and in perfect working order with perfect documentation/insurance.

b) The agency must have at least two full time trained motorcycle trip leaders dulyqualified/knowledgeable about leading motorcycling trips safely, group dynamics, traffic rules, communication skills and field repairs/punctures etc. They must possess valid First Aid/CPR certification.

c) The operator must have SOP’s for different itineraries/motorcycling trips offered and Emergency Action Plans for all trips.

d) A detailed risk assessment must be carried out by the trip leaders with the backup team prior to conducting any trips.

e) A list of hospitals, police stations and workshops along the route should be carried by the trip leaders.

f) A detailed SOP for inspecting motorcycles, documentation, and safety gear prior to conducting trips must be in position.

g) The company must follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and conform to high sustainability standards.

Mountaineering/Rock Climbing

Mountaineering is the sport or activity of climbing mountains. It involves climbing high peaks, typically over 6,000 feet (1,800 meters) in elevation, and may require specialized equipment, technical skills, and physical fitness.

Mountaineering can be done for various reasons, including personal challenge, adventure, exploration, scientific research, or simply for the enjoyment of nature and the outdoors. Mountaineers may climb peaks in different ways, such as by rock climbing, ice climbing, or mixed climbing (a combination of rock and ice).

Mountaineering can also involve different types of climbs, such as alpine climbing, which involves climbing peaks in high-altitude and rugged terrain, or expedition climbing, which involves climbing in remote and harsh environments for extended periods of time.

While mountaineering can be a rewarding and exhilarating experience, it also carries inherent risks, such as exposure to extreme weather conditions, avalanches, falls, and altitude sickness. Therefore, proper training, preparation, and safety measures are crucial for any mountaineering adventure.

Guidelines For Mountaineering

Lead guides and instructors who are leading mountaineering activities should, as a minimum, hold valid certificates in the following:

a) A minimum 16 hour (2 day) First Aid/ CPR course provided by a recognized and qualified provider.

b) Completed the Advanced Mountaineering Course from any of the National Mountaineering Institutes and carry a certificate duly authenticated by an IMF recognized body OR IMF accredited tour operator stating that the individual “has experience of 3 years in assisting mountaineering expeditions at altitudes of 6000m min 5/8 climbs above 6000m clearly reflected in a logbook duly authenticated/ validated by the operator and the clients”.

c) Maintain a logbook containing authenticated records of mountaineering experience.

d) All guides to have a comprehensive understanding of altitude sickness, recognising its symptoms, treatment, knowledge of appropriate medication is essential to work at high altitude.

e) They should also have a sound knowledge of cold weather problems like hypothermia/ frost-bite.

EquipmentTop of Form

The correct use and proper maintenance of climbing equipment is essential for conducting mountaineering activities and should never be taken lightly.

Equipment, especially safety equipment should be of the highest standard available and preferably certified by ISI or an international body like CE or UIAA.

Rope – There are many different types of ropes. The operator and leader must have sound knowledge of specifically designed climbing rope, including the different types and applications. Climbing rope comes in different diameters and specifications but the basics are dynamic, semi static and static. A safe working load of 25KN (2.5 tons) and CE approval is the internationally recognized standard for climbing ropes.

Hardware (anchors, carabineers, belay devices etc.) – There is a wide range of climbing aids and devices and the operator and instructor must have sound knowledge of their applications including which devices are necessary to conduct mountaineering activities safely. These devices are also a “link” in the safety chain. As per all other climbing equipment items a safe working load of 25KN (2.5 tons) and CE approval is the internationally recognized standard for climbing hardware and devices.

All equipment is subject to wear and tear and must be checked before every use. Incorrect storage, use and monitoring of rated and approved equipment is usually the cause of equipment failure. Operators and leaders must have sound knowledge of this and have systems in place in order to control and manage their equipment.

Inspection And Maintenance Procedures

Inspections and maintenance require sound knowledge of the systems and equipment themselves and therefore must be carried out by qualified persons. As a minimum, the inspector must be qualified to be a guide/instructor. Basic inspections must be carried out before every use with complete and detailed inspections carried out on a regular basis in accordance with their operations procedures and risk assessments.

SOP’Sand Operating Instructions

All Mountaineering Tour Operators must maintain and update a Standard Operating Procedure for their operations and get the same vetted from IMF from time to time.

Besides covering the methodologies that are adopted by the agency in organizing the expedition, such as assessing of members qualification, medical condition and experience, procedures for obtaining of various permissions, travel to the mountain, maintenance of base camp including hygiene, avoidance of high altitude sickness, safety precautions, communication, weather reports, procedure for emergencies, casualty evacuation, incident and accident reporting and feedback mechanism, the following must be included in the SOPS:

a) The guiding staff and porters on the mountain and the material supplied must be adequate for the aims of the party and stated level of service offered.

b) An experienced doctor in the party is desirable but at the very least advance arrangements must be known for medical help. Advance arrangements must also be made for evacuation assistance in case of an emergency.

c) Advertising must give a true picture of all the difficulties and dangers involved and avoid promising the impossible. If an expedition is commercially launched by an operator, then the biographical information about the guiding team should be included.

d) The client must truthfully reveal his experience, supported by documentation/ photograph, medical history etc to the organizer so that the organizer can make an informed choice about the potential client.

e) Information supplied in advance will include a clear statement of the guiding, porters and equipment which will be supplied by the organizer, together with details of the clothing and equipment to be supplied by the client. This is not in context of the operators’ assisting expeditions with logistics alone.

Documentation

The tour operator must maintain, at the minimum the following documentation:

a) Details of all Guides and Instructors including, copies of certifications, record of expedition experience and feedback from clients.

b) Copies of all Permits and Permissions of current expeditions.

c) Copies of identification documents, Insurance cover and details of next of kin for all participants, guides, and instructors.

d) Copy of SOP's.

e) Current list of emergency contact numbers.

f) Emergency Action Plan

Risk Mitigation

In order to mitigate the risk of high altitude, the following is advised:

a) Participants should be physically and medically fit.

b) To ensure that at least one or two members of the expedition have experience of high altitude climbing.

c) To provide wireless sets or take on hire from IMF, for communication between camps on the mountain and the base camp.

d) To bring radio receiving sets in case weather forecasts by All India Radio are required to be arranged by the IMF.

e) To ensure that environmental safeguards are implemented in their programme so that the area and peak visited by them suffers no damage, and is left clean for subsequent expeditions.

f) Environment guidelines provided by IMF shall be followed strictly.

Emergencies and Rescues

In addition;

 a) Adequate first aid medical equipment must be available. Pulse Oximeters to be part of the FA kit.

b) Evacuation routes must identify and known to participants, guides and instructors of the team.

c) A detailed and documented Emergency Action Plan must be available at the base camp along with closest available emergency services which can be called upon as required.

d) Oxygen and OR Gamow Bag (PAC/ Certec etc) to be at base camp for emergencies.

e) Walkie-talkies at base camp and with the group whenever they are out climbing and all the camps where climbers are.

 f) Routes with highly avalanche risks or history of avalanche accidents should carry Avalanche transceivers, Shovel & probe also.

g) The operator must announce the maximum group size up front. The maximum group size should be fixed depending on the kind of mountains. We can divide them into two categories:

1. Trekking Peaks & Mountaineering Expeditions

2. Trekking

Safety Briefing

The lead guide / expedition leader must give a proper briefing to expedition members before starting from the base camp and this should include:

a) Exact route, campsites, and places where ropes have been fixed. Hazards on the mountain and expected weather.

b) The protocol to be followed during the climb. Details on SOP’s to be followed. c) Role of the expedition lead guide and assistant guide.

d) Procedures to be followed in an emergency.

Basic Minimum Standards for Grant of Recognition to Operators

It is highly recommended that any outfit, entity, establishment, or company seeking grant for recognition must fulfil these desirable criteria:

a) The entity must own specialized equipment commensurate with needs of undertaking and running such an operation (listed above).

b) The entity must have qualified personnel (minimum two full time qualified staff) on their payroll (listed above). These personnel must carry the requisite experience in the activity and have valid First Aid & CPR certification.

c) The entity must operate with the required permits / licenses.

d) It is recommended that the entity is registered with the state tourism department / recognized by the Ministry of Tourism, Govt of India.

e) The entity must have a registered office.

f) The mountaineering company must follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and conform to high sustainability standards.

Nature Walks / Bird Watching

Nature walks are typically leisurely walks taken through natural areas, such as parks, forests, or along coastlines, with the purpose of enjoying and learning about the natural surroundings. During a nature walk, one can observe and appreciate the different plants, trees, animals, and landscapes that make up the natural environment.A nature trail or nature walk is a specially developed hiking trail or footpath that runs through the countryside, along which there may be marked stations or stops next to points of natural, technological, or cultural interest. These may convey information about, flora and fauna, soil science, geology, mining, ecologyor cultural history.

Bird watching, also known as birding, is a popular activity that involves observing and identifying birds in their natural habitats. Bird watchers may use binoculars, spotting scopes, and field guides to help them identify different species of birds.It often involves a significant auditory component, as many bird species are more easily detected and identified by ear than by eye. Most birdwatchers pursue this activity for recreational or social reasons, unlike ornithologists, who engage in the study of birds using formal scientific methods. Bird watching can be done in various settings, such as forests, wetlands, and even urban areas, and it can also involve keeping track of bird sightings and participating in citizen science projects.

Guides/ Instructors:

 Basic minimum qualifications and experience:

a) Preferred bachelor’s degree in Botany Zoology., Forestry Sciences, Conservation, Environmental Science.

b) Field training in multiple ecosystems to prepare guides for different locations.

c) Thorough knowledge of the local area or the bird watching site.

d)Good bird knowledge – migration/ distribution of species/endemic bird species.

e) Provide vernacular medium literature for local guides.

f) Comprehensive syllabus for Guides to be developed.

g) Need to understand safe distance necessary to be maintained to prevent animal/insect attack/charge.

h) Emergency manoeuvres in case of a charge by an animal.

i) First aid and CPR knowledge/certification

Equipment Required

a)Good binocular / spotting Scope.

b) Field book / guide on Birds / Mammals/ Snakes / Butterflies/ Insects/ Amphibians etc are a must.

c)Good camera.

d) A notebook for recording time and place of bird sightings.

e) First aid kit.

f) Kit: Measuring tape, magnifying glass, torch light, GPS, POP powder and kit, camera trap etc.

Inspection & Maintenance Procedures

a) Binoculars have moving parts and are very sensitive equipment and can easily be mishandled. They need regular checks for fungus and parallax.

b) Medical kit to be checked for expiry date of medicines.

c) There is a need for regular refresher courses for Guides.

SOPs & Operating Instructions

In order to provide clients with a good wildlife experience, while maintaining a safe distance from animals - guides need a training programme. Some of the most important areas that need to be covered include:

a) Weather/climate briefing: Before setting off on a Birding / Nature Trail, the guide must provide clients sufficient brief on the expected heat/ cold/ rain etc during the trip. Clients need to dress accordingly and to be prepared for personal and equipment protection.

b) Dehydration is a reality. Sufficient fluids and light refreshments for any unexpected delays should be carried. This becomes even more important with medical backgrounds of some clients that may not be known.

c) Garbage is one of the most dangerous problems created by Wildlife Tourism. Empty chips wrappers are salt laced butthe animals are unable to lick the salt from inside the wrappers. Hence the packets are swallowed by animals leading to their choking and death.

d) Knowledge and experience of the Guides is often the limiting factor in providing clients with a good experience. Resorts must invest in good Guides/ Naturalists.

e) Interpretation: On return from Safari/ Trail, the Resort Guide/ Naturalist must ensure a good post trail de-brief to provide the tourists with a good experience. Resorts/ campsites must also invest in a good library with field guides and interpretation material

 f) Our presence alone is responsible for a significant pressure on the forest. We need to prevent further increase by crowding, teasing, feeding, using flash etc.

g) Collecting souvenirs like antlers, feathers, bones, shells and plant parts is illegal and strictly prohibited. Guides should not budge to client pressure to provide these materials.

h) Sight of nesting birds is uncommon. However, we must understand that this is a very sensitive period for the bird. They can be threatened by our very presence. At such times, extreme care needs to be taken while photographing bird activity. Photographing birds on their nests is strictly forbidden.

Documentation

Lists of bird observations compiled by members of local bird-watching societies are very useful in determining dispersal, habitat, and migration patterns of the various species.

Risk Mitigation

a) Wildlife Tourism comes with a different set of risks. While conflict with large animals are rare and few, it is the problems associated with stings and bites that are a reality. Briefing the clients to be sufficiently prepared and well-dressed is the first step

b) Wildlife Tourism can bring in clients who are unfit/ or allergic to certain weather conditions. Brief medical condition of the client should be known (such as asthmaand bee sting allergies) and with very specific instructions to carry the necessary medicines – owing to the paucity of good medical help in close proximity to wilderness areas.

c) Wild animals are unpredictable. But certain situations can easily be prevented:

i) Coming too close to animals is dangerous.

 ii) Mothers with young ones are easily provoked.

 iii) Use of flash can anger even the most docile animals.

iv) Feeding of animals is prohibited. However certain animals can attack even on realising the existence of food. E.g., monkeys and langoors can snatch food.

v) Handling snakes is dangerous. This must be done only by a trained handler. However, in a situation where there is no such handler, care must be taken to provide the snake with an exit route. Identifying venomous and non-venomous snakes should be left to experts. All snakes should be handled with due care.

Emergencies & Rescues

All Resorts, trail leaders and Guides must be aware of the nearest medical facility and evacuation means.

a) Guides must know basic first aid/CPR

b) Emergencies could most often be due to medical condition of the client or due to snake bite/ sting.

c) Bee stings can become life threatening. You do not always need venomous snakes to run into an emergency.

d) Sun stroke and other weather-related situations can get aggravated on long exposure.

e) An Emergency Action Plan should be in position. All field staff must be periodically trained in the Emergency Action Plan.

Safety briefing

 Briefings for a good wildlife experience should include the following:

a) Appropriate clothing for the season and camouflage.

 b) Any medicines that might need to be carried and rehydration fluids.

c) There are very few field toilets in India. Use of bush needs utmost care. Clients should use the washroom prior to leaving for the nature walk / birding. d) Noise disturbs animals – while most animals will shy away, some like juvenile elephants and wild boars may charge.

e) Ensuring zero garbage policy in wilderness areas. There is a need to take all garbage back to resort/base camp.

Medical concerns

a) Elderly clients and clients with need of regular medicines should be warned of poor medical facilities in the proximity of wilderness areas.

b) Emergencies like snake bites and bee stings need immediate assistance. Evacuation/ access to the nearest Primary Health Centre/Civil Hospital should be planned for. Anti Snake Venom cannot be normally stored and administered by untrained personnel.

c) First aid kits should be carried on the trail /maintained at locations.

Basic Minimum Standards” for grant of recognition to operators

The Wildlife Tourism industry is now moving towards Environmentally Responsible Operators and expects certain basic standards to be maintained like:

a) All bird watching / nature walk trips should follow a strict ‘leave no trace’ policy. Responsible Waste Management plan should be in place to segregate/ compost waste generated.

b) Multi Activity Resorts: Resorts must not depend only on a single activity like a Safari for its clients. Instead, effort must be made to give them a comprehensive ‘Wild Experience’ with activities like cycling, bird watching, adventure, community interaction, farming and harvesting among others. This will not only reduce the pressure on the Wilderness – but also help the Resort to increase business by increasing options for more night stays.

c) Interpretation: This is one of the most important activities to educate and involve the client. Resorts/ Campsites must invest in training good guides.

d) Supporting local population and economy: Resorts/ Campsites must be able to employ and capacity build local population to benefit from tourism. As far as possible the purchase policy must reflect a ‘Buy Local’ policy. It supports the local economy and Resorts can provide their clients with a realistic local experience. Most importantly, it reduces the environmental cost of food material due to transportation.

e) CSR Activity: Resorts/ Campsites should be supportive of the local needs of education, medical and sporting activities.

f) Trained guides: as highlighted above.

g) The activity provider must follow all guidelines as listed in the Global Sustainable Tourism criteria.

Risk Analysis and Management Process

 Risks- Accident, injury other forms loss

 a) Dehydration

b) Sunburn/Heat stroke

c) Stings

d) Injury/bruises/lacerations

e) Lost person

f) Animal attack

Causal Factors

Hazards, perils, dangers People

a) Making noise and displaying aggressive behaviour

 b) Not carrying enough water, sunscreen, hat or appropriate clothing to protect from weather

c) Photographers getting too close/ using flash on nesting birds/ animals

Equipment

a) Inappropriate clothing

b) lacking water bottles

c) Insufficient 1st Aid Kit

Environment

a) Heat/ Cold

b)Rough weather

c) Bees/ plant inducing allergies. Etc

Risk Management Strategy

 Normal Operation - People

a) Explain that if tourists are hyper active - they will lose the privilege of the wildlife experience and will need to turn back

Normal Operation - Equipment

a) Confirm that clients are carrying water and light snacks. Are appropriately dressed with cap/ hat

b) Participants should dress up in camouflaging clothes

c) Well equipped First Aid kit to be carried

Normal Operation - Environment

a) Check for honey combs and presence of sloth bear/ honey buzzard nearby

 b) Check for condition of vehicle.

 Emergency

a) Know where the nearest hospital is, ensure that the guide knows basic first aid

b) A vehicle on call for Emergency evacuation should be available

Guidelines Recommended

a) Recommended not to do some walking trails when it is raining, Look out for areas that will be slippery, any falls would be serious

b) Areas with tigress with cubs need to be avoided

c) Photographing birds on nest to be totally avoided

Skills Required by Staff

 a) Guides to have knowledge of first aid and should have a well-equipped First Aid kit

b) Thorough knowledge of wildlife and terrain

c) Driver to be able to undertake minor repairs of the vehicle

Rock Climbing / Artificial Wall Climbing and Abseiling

Rock climbing is a sport that involves ascending steep or vertical rock faces using specialized equipment such as ropes, harnesses, carabiners, and other safety devices. It requires a combination of physical and mental strength, technique, and endurance to successfully reach the top of a climbing route.

Artificial wall climbing is similar to rock climbing, but instead of climbing natural rock formations, climbers scale artificial walls made of materials such as wood, plastic, or metal. These walls can be found in climbing gyms, outdoor parks, or other designated areas.

Abseiling, also known as rappelling, is the act of descending down a vertical or near-vertical surface, such as a rock face or a building, using a rope and a specialized device called a descender. It is a crucial skill in rock climbing, canyoneering, and other outdoor activities that involve steep descents.

All three activities require a certain level of physical fitness, strength, and agility. Climbers must also have good problem-solving skills, as they need to assess the best route to take and make quick decisions to navigate the terrain safely. It is also important to have proper training, equipment, and safety protocols in place to minimize the risk of injury or accidents.

Terms and definitions

 a) Single Pitch – An easily accessible climbing venue where both top and bottom of the climbing surface can be accessed safely by foot without the need for personal protective equipment and roped systems.

b) Fixed protection systems – “Bolts” or “anchors” specifically designed and fitted for the purpose of attaching roped systems to a structure/natural climbing venue.

c) The safety chain includes the anchor; the rope; the carabiners and slings; the knots; the harness and the alert belayer.

d) Bottom roping where the belayer is situated at the bottom of the climb and the rope is directed through an anchor at the top of the climb and back down to the climber.

e) Top roping where the belayer is situated at the top of the climb and the rope is directed from the belay system directly to the climber.

 f) Lead climbing where the climber places protection during the climb and has no roped protection above.

g) Leader placed protection is protection specifically designed for the use of lead climbing and rigging where no fixed protection is available.

h) Fall factor a method in which to scale the severity and force of a fall.

Guidelines For Rock Climbing / Artificial Wall Climbing and Abseiling

Guides and instructors who are supervising climbing and abseiling activities should, as a minimum, hold valid certificates for the following:

a) A minimum 8 hour (1 day) first aid course provided by a recognised and qualified provider.

b) Basic Mountaineering Course from any of the National Mountaineering Institutes and be certified by a MOI Qualified Instructor to have assisted climbing and abseiling activities for a minimum of 100 hours OR Indian Mountaineering Foundation (IMF) recognised Sports Climbing Instructors course or should have sufficient experience certified by suitably qualified Coaches/Instructors duly recognised by IMF.Top of Form

Equipment

a) The correct use and proper maintenance of climbing equipment is essential for conducting safe climbing and abseiling activities and should never be taken lightly.

b) Although these standards do not cover the fitting or construction of fixed protection systems, these systems should be rated by the manufacturer and have a quantifiable safe working load. As a minimum standard for such systems, operators must adhere to a safety factor of 3 in accordance to the operator's’ weight limitations. In addition, fixed protection systems must be proven to withstand 10KN (1 ton) without displaying any visible deformation or damage. In order to fully understand appropriate fixed anchor/ protection systems an operator must also have sound knowledge of static/dynamic load and fall factors.

c) Rated and quality assured personal protective equipment or PPE must be used. An internationally recognised safe working load for such equipment is 25KN (2.5 tons). In order to comply with this standard, it is recommended that all PPE is CE (European Conformity) approved. Here is a list of the minimum PPE requirements for an average climbing and/or abseiling session:

d) Harness – The single most important piece of personal protective equipment which allows the climber to be safely attached to the roped system and is also a “link” of the safety chain. Harnesses however do not fit themselves and when fitted incorrectly introduce further risk due to providing a false sense of security. For this reason, all harnesses must be checked by a qualified leader to ensure they are fitted correctly prior to leaving the ground and being exposed to a potential fall.

e) Helmets – Climbing helmets are designed to withstand impact from above by falling rock and equipment, NOT the head impacting on the ground from a falling climber. As such, it is the responsibility of the owner/operator to deem if a climbing helmet is necessary in accordance with their risk assessments. The general rule however is that in natural rock venues use a helmet; in bottom rope artificial venues a helmet is optional; in top rope/abseil artificial venues, use a helmet. If in doubt, use a helmet.

f) Rope – There are many different types of rope. The operator and leader must have a sound knowledge of specifically designed climbing rope, including the different types and applications. In order for the operator or leader to fully understand the applications or different climbing ropes they must also fully understand fall factors. Climbing rope comes in different diameters and specifications but the basics are dynamic, semi static and static. The operator must consult the manufacturer’s manual to ascertain its intended use. Rope not intended for climbing is made with different materials and has different specifications.

Rope that isn’t designed specifically for the use of climbing and abseiling activities must NEVER be used for this purpose. A safe working load of 25KN (2.5 tons) and CE approval is the internationally recognised standard for climbing rope.

g) Hardware (carabiners, belay devices etc.) –There is a wide range of climbing aids and devices and the operator and instructor must have a complete and sound knowledge of their applications including which devices are necessary to operate climbing and abseiling activities safely. These devices are also a “link” in the safety chain. As per all other climbing equipment items a safe working load of 25KN (2.5 tons) and CE approval is the internationally recognised standard for climbing hardware and devices.

h) All equipment is subject to wear and tear and must be checked before every use. Incorrect storage, use and monitoring of rated and approved equipment is usually the cause of equipment failure. Operators and leaders must have sound knowledge of this and have systems in place in order to control and manage their equipment. Details of how to do this is included in the Indian Climbing Leader Award.

Inspection and maintenance procedures

 Inspections and maintenance require sound knowledge of the systems and equipment themselves and therefore must becarried out by qualified persons as a minimum the inspector must be qualified to be a guide/ instructor. Basic inspections must be carried out before every use with complete and detailed inspections carried out on a regular basis in accordance with their operations procedures and risk assessments.

SOPs and operating instructions

a) For rock climbing and abseiling, the systems required at each individual venue vary. The following is the minimum requirement and standards that apply to all climbing and abseiling activities.

b) The safety chain

i) The Anchor – Is permanent and been fitted with the intention to be used for this particular activity. Has been tested to withstand a minimum of 10 KN (1 ton). Does not show any signs of damage or deformity.

ii) The rope – Is a climbing rope that has been made by an approved manufacture. It is the correct type of rope for this particular activity. It does not show any signs of damage or deformity i.e. excessive “fluffing”, cuts, rips or tears, thin bits, fat bits etc. Is correctly secured to the anchor.

iii) The carabiners and slings – Equipment is for its intended use only. There are no signs of damage, deformity or wear and tear. Are correctly secured.

iv) The knots – Are the correct knots. Have been double-checked before exposing anyone to a potential fall.

v) The harness – There are no signs of damage, deformity or wear and tear. Is correctly fitted.

vi) The alert belayer – Has the belay device fitted correctly. The belayer knows how to use the device. The belayer alert, paying attention to the climber and performing the correct 5-point belaying technique (covered in the Indian Climbing Leader Award).

c) During all following applications and systems, and in line with the exception of this minimum standard, neither the instructor nor participant should ever be subject to potential fall greater than a fall factor of 1.

d)Bottom rope system

i) The weight of the climber and belayer should be calculated to judge if a ground anchor for the belayer is necessary.

 ii) The appropriate belay system for the venue/group should be utilized.

iii) It is preferable that the belay device be locked off under load allowing the instructor to escape from the system – applicable to customer/group belaying and ground anchor belay systems.

e) Top rope system

i) The instructor must always be attached via an independent safety line that allows him/her to escape from the system whilst the climbing rope is under load.

ii) The instructor must be able to lock off the belay device under load.

f) Group abseil (releasable abseil) system

i) The abseil rope, safety rope and instructor safety line must be attached to individual anchor points.

ii) The abseil rope must be a redundant system that is releasable under load enabling it to be discarded if necessary.

iii) The instructor must be able to lock off the safety rope whilst under load.

g) Participants

i) Age is not a factor but a participant must be of suitable size in order to be fitted safely into their harness. Chest harnesses are to be used where necessary.

ii) Participants must be aware of the risks involved and in turn must listen and adhere to the instructions of their instructor.

iii) Specific health concerns must be considered before participating.

h) The venue

i) All venues under the purview of this minimum standard must remain within the definition of single pitch.

ii) Artificial structures must be designed and certified to withstand the forces involved and include a safety factor of 3 on all safety critical components.

 iii) Anchor points on both artificial and natural venues must be accessible without the need for lead climbing or leader placed protection. Failing this, they must be rigged, checked and accessed by suitably trained and experienced instructors.

Documentation

a) Associated equipment purchase documentation, including warranty, service & maintenance history documentation.

b) Documented installation/structure checks.

c) Logbook of instructor training and qualifications.

d) Valid first aid/CPR certificate. e) Emergency Action Plan

Risk mitigation

a) A basic risk assessment of the venue is required before use.

b) Emergency/evacuation procedures must be formulated in which all leaders are trained.

Emergencies and rescues

If the above systems are adhered to, climbing and abseiling rescues are simple and safe, the details of which are covered in the Indian Climbing Leader Award. In addition:

a) A first aid kit must be available on site.

b) Evacuation routes must be easily accessible as per the definition of single pitch.

c) A detailed and documented evacuation/ emergency procedure must be written which includes the contact numbers of the closest available emergency services which can be called upon as required.

Safety Briefing

a) All instructors and guides should be able to give a thorough safety briefing that covers all safety aspects and detailed climbing/ abseiling and rescue instructions in detail.

b) This briefing must be clear and instructors must have the ability to give the safety briefing in English, Hindi or local language, with ability to prepare guests for the activity.

Medical Concerns

a) All instructors and guides must have information on medical issues before the activity is conducted.

b) It is recommended that heart patients, those with spinal issues, recent surgery or any other medical issue of concern, expecting mothers and under age children do not undertake the activity. It is also recommended that epilepsy and asthmatic patients, avoid this activity. Asthma inhalers must be carried by guests for the activity.

Basic Minimum Standards for grant of recognition to operators

It is highly recommended that any outfitseeking recognition must fulfil these criteria:

a) The entity must own specialized equipment commensurate with needs of running such an operation (specified above).

 b) The operator must have minimum two full-time qualified personnel on their payroll. These personnel must carry the requisite experience in the activity (specified above) and have valid First Aid & CPR certification.

c) The operator must operate with the required permits / licenses.

d) It is recommended that the entity is registered with the state tourism department / recognized by the Ministry of Tourism, Govt of India.

e) The entity must have a registered office.

f) The company must follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and conform to high sustainability standards.

Personal Light Electric Vehicle (Plev/ Segway) Tours

A Personal Light Electric Vehicle (PLEV) is a type of vehicle that is designed for personal transportation and is powered by an electric motor. One of the most well-known PLEV's is the Segway, which was first introduced in 2001.The Segway is a self-balancing electric vehicle that is operated by leaning forward or backward to move forward or backward, and turning the handlebar to steer. It has a top speed of around 12.5 mph and can travel up to 24 miles on a single charge.

PLEVs, like the Segway, are popular because they are environmentally friendly, easy to use, and can be used in a variety of settings, including city streets, parks, and other public spaces. They are also relatively affordable compared to other modes of transportation, and can be a good option for short-distance commuting or leisure activities.However, it is important to note that PLEVs like the Segway may be subject to regulations and restrictions in certain areas. For example, some cities may require riders to wear helmets or limit where they can be ridden. It is important for riders to familiarize themselves with local laws and regulations before using a PLEV in public spaces.

The gyroscopic and accelerometer-based levelling sensors detects the weight shift on the vehicle and tries to maintain balance. As a result, riders get motion. It is important to ensure that riders get comprehensive training, briefing and use proper safety gear prior to the conduct of a tour since improper vehicle or riding practice can cause serious danger to riders, other people and property.

Guidelines For Personal Light Electric Vehicle (Plev/Segway) Tours

11.2)Adventure Guides/ Instructors: Basic minimum qualifications and experience

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Definitions

a) Vehicle: Any Personal light electrical vehicle (PLEV) or Segway.

b) Guided Tour: A Segway (vehicle) Tour guided by a certified guide.

 c) Spotter: The person who supports the rider to learn basic skills of riding the vehicle and prepare for a guided Segway tour.

d) Guide: The person who is certified/ trained to guide the tour.

e) Segway Tour Operator: Who operates a guided tour arranging the vehicle, spotter and guide.

f) Rider: the person who rides a vehicle during a guided tour.

11.3) Qualifications & Experience:

Certified Segway Spotter:

a) Must have knowledge and acquired skills of all functions of vehicle as mentioned in the manufacturer’s guidelines.

b) Must have experience to ride on various terrain.

c) Must have documented experience as a spotter with a minimum experience of 50 rides under supervision of an experienced spotter or guide.

Certified Segway Guide

a) Must fulfil all requirements mentioned in section 11.3.

 b) Must have documented minimum experience of 100 documented tours under supervision of certified Segway guide.

c) Must be a certified First Aid/CPR provider by ATOAI recognised first aid training provider.

d) Should have good communication skills.

e) Must have knowledge and understanding of section 11.2 to 11.13 of these guidelines.

Certification:

a) A certified guide having experience of 500 documented tours can certify spotter and guide, if they pass respective eligibility criteriaas mentioned in section 11.3.

Equipment required

Operating Equipment

a) Vehicle & all necessary components and accessories.

b) Maintenance equipment.

c) Wrench Sets.

d) Charging Unit.

e) Other necessary equipment suggested by manufacturer.

f) Safety Equipment: helmets; knee, elbow and wrist guards.

g) For Personal Light Electric Vehicle - Fitness certificate for the safety aspect to be obtained from the competent authority.

Equipment cares and maintenance

 Vehicle Care:

a) Always shut down vehicle and unplug the AC Power cord before performing any maintenance or installing any part or accessory.

b) Adhere to torque specifications when tightening fasteners. Over tightening or under-tightening fasteners can result in damage or malfunction.

c) Use only compatible and approved tyres for replacement.

Battery Care

a) Charge your batteries only when they are within the specified charging temperature range.

b) Ensure that the charging port is dry.

c) Ensure power cord is properly grounded.

d) Follow manufacturer’s guideline for frequency & time of battery charging and replacement.

Inspection & Maintenance Procedures Daily

a) All components are installed and functioning within manufacturer’s guidelines.

b) All components are fastened as per manufacturer’s guideline.

c) Tyre wear and tear.

d) Check and clean all safety gear.

Every Ride

 a) Adjustment of the components for every rider.

 b) Tyre pressure.

c) Battery power.

d) Check and fix, if there is any safety alert.

After any incident or accident

 Detailed inspection and necessary maintenance & repair.

Preventive Maintenance

Follow manufacturer’s guideline to prepare inspection and maintenance schedule. Repair

Do necessary repair and document it before vehicle is used for a guided tour.

SOP’s & Operating Instructions

Tour operator must ensure that the rider is medically, physically and mentally eligible for a guided tour as mentioned in section 11.13.

Tour operator must provide:

a) Learning and practice sessions to the riders by certified spotter/guide.

b) The operator must ensure that all riders wear helmets and protective gear, duly checked by the spotter/guide, prior to the conduct of the practice session and during the entire duration of the tour.

c) Manage the practice environment where children, pedestrians, pets, vehicles, bicycles, or other obstacles and potential hazards can be avoided during learning and practice sessions.

Spotter must:

d) Ensure that riders understand the components of vehicle and their use.

e) follow inspection procedure described in section 11.6 and prepare vehicle for a ride.

f) ensure that rider is safe for riding and feels comfortable on the vehicle.

g) ensure that under the spotter/guide’s guidance, basic riding skills listed below are acquired by rider before riding:

i) Stepping on.

ii) Balancing.

iii) Moving forward &Backward.

iv) Stopping.

v) Turning.

vi) Turning while moving.

vii) Stepping off.

viii) Parking.

h) make rider aware about terrain, possible hazards and obstacles.

Spotter must ensure that riders

i) practice riding in controlled area.

 j) avoid obstacles and distractions in controlled area until they get comfortable with the vehicle.

k) be able to ride in narrow areas, curving and paved walkways.

 l) feel comfortable with the PLEV and have acquired desired skills before being allowed to ride on a guided tour under guidance of a certified guide.

Guide must

m) provide necessary safety briefing and instructions to riders as mentioned in section 11.12.

n) ensure that riders do not stay unattended during learning and practice sessions as mentioned above.

o) cross check the skills and eligibility criteria of a rider before they can be taken on a guided tour.

p) establish communication with evacuation and rescue team.

Tour operator must

q) ensure safe environment for riding and guided tour.

r) ensure quick and safe return of riders, in case of emergency.

 s) evacuate and rescue the member/s or

team member in case of an emergency

Documentation

For tour operator:

a) All permits, licenses, contracts and statutory documents that can be demanded by either government authorities or tour members.

b) Necessary insurances.

c) Safety audit record.

For guide and spotter

a) Necessary certificate or documented log for training of spotter and guide.

 b) Certified logbook for Guide & spotters.

c) First aid/CPR certificates for all guides.

For rider

a) Required signed application, indemnification & risk release form.

b)Medical certificate.

c) Necessary insurance.

d) Instruction manual.

For vehicle

a) Installation, service, maintenance and user manuals.

b) Inspection checklist.

c) Preventive maintenance schedule and log.

d) Breakdown maintenance log.

Incident reporting

11.9 Accident report.

Risk Mitigation

Following inspection and preventive maintenance procedure as mentioned in section 4 and 5.

a) Maintain Up-to-date documentation as mentioned in section 11.8.

b) Follow SOP’s and Operating instruction as mentioned in section 11.7.

c) Setting up an emergency and rescue system as mentioned in section 11.11.

d) Evaluate risk and safety criteria before starting a tour.

e) Provide precedence to safety over anything and everything.

Emergencies & Rescues

Tour operators must have

a) trained staff for first aid, evacuation and rescue.

b) an Emergency Action Plan and provide periodic training to staff in evacuation, rescue and emergency scenarios.

c) communication system between operator and necessary medical services in case of emergencies. Tour operators must document incidents and near misses and report it as required by the law.

Safety briefing

Tour operator or a guide must instruct riders and ensure the following safety guidelines and instructions during the tour.

a) Dos:

i) Use caution when riding in new environments.

ii) Be careful when riding through a doorway.

iii) Make sure you leave enough wheel clearance.

iv) Watch out for terrain transitions such as pavement and grass.

v) Avoid slippery surfaces, loose materials, steep, slopes, and obstacles.

vi) Follow manufacturer’s guideline to move on steps.

vii) Do not ride on stones / allow a wheel to go over a stone or touch a pavement. viii) Be careful and considerate of others.

ix) Always ride under control at a speed that is safe for you and those around you.

x) Always be prepared to stop.

 xi) Be careful about overhead obstacles.

xii) Always turn slowly and with caution. Fast turns can lead to loss of control and falls. Lean into turns.

xiii) Learn about and obey applicable laws and regulations.

xiv) Be relaxed. Ride in a relaxed position with your knees and elbows slightly bent and head up.

b) Don’ts:

i) Do not attempt to ride if you are ill or if you cannot comply fully with the instructions and warnings.

ii) Do not ride under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

iii) Do not wear loose clothing that can catch in the moving components.

iv) Do not carry a passenger or cargo that make you uncontrolled.

v) Do not take risks. When you encounter a slope, uneven terrain, or other features with which you are not experienced or if you are concerned about your safety, do not risk riding over it and seek help of your guide.

vi) Do not ride with an empty battery condition.

vii) Do not exceed the maximum weight limit.

viii) Do not step off a moving vehicle. Always come to a stop, before stepping off.

ix) Do not ride in the dark. Do not ride the vehicle in low visibility conditions without a light. To ride safely, you must be able to clearly see what is in front of you and you must be clearly visible to others.

x) Avoid distractions. Do not use a cell phone or headphones, or engage in any other activity that might distract you or interfere with your ability to monitor your surroundings while riding.

xi) Never let go off a balancing vehicle. It can risk injury or get damaged.

xii) Do not ride your vehicle on private property (inside or outside) unless you have obtained permission to do so.

c) Pedestrians & sidewalks:

i) Respect pedestrians by always yielding the right of way.

ii) Avoid startling pedestrians. When approaching from behind, announce yourself and slow down to walking speed when passing. Pass on the right whenever possible. When approaching a pedestrian from the front, stay to the left and slow down.

iii) In heavy pedestrian traffic, slow down and proceed at the pace of pedestrian traffic. Overtake only if there is ample space to do so safely. Do not weave in and out of pedestrian traffic.

iv) When riding with other riders, maintain a safe distance, identify hazards and obstacles, and do not ride side-by-side unless there is plenty of room left for pedestrians.

v) Do not park your vehicle in a way that blocks pedestrian traffic.

vi) Cross roads at designated crosswalks or signalled intersections.

vii) Do not jaywalk/ride.

viii) Only travel on a road when a pedestrian way is not available or when sidewalk use is not allowed.

Medical concerns

 Tour operators must ensure:

a) the rider is physically, mentally and medically fit for learning & practice sessions

b) rider is not under the influence of alcohol or drug.

c) riders with any serious medical concerns such as a weak heart condition, spinal issues, recent surgery or serious illness, epilepsy and expecting mothers should avoid segway rides.

Skiing/ Snowboarding

Skiing and snowboarding are popular winter sports that involve gliding down snow-covered slopes using specialized equipment.Skiing involves using a pair of long, narrow skis attached to boots to slide down snowy slopes. The skis are designed to distribute the skier's weight evenly over a large surface area, allowing them to glide smoothly over the snow. Skiers use poles to help them maintain balance and control their speed.Snowboarding, on the other hand, involves riding a single board attached to the rider's feet. Snowboarders use their body weight to steer and control their speed. They also use specially designed boots that attach to the board and are typically softer and more flexible than ski boots.

With 73 % of the Himalayan range, India offers huge opportunities for skiing. The scope and potential for this adventure sport in India is immense. Skiing is not only an adventure sport but also part of the Winter Olympics and can generate employment through tourism. Indian skiing is so competently priced that if the desired infrastructure is developed, India could become a major ski destination. Currently Auli in Uttrakhand is the only ski slope registered with International Ski Federation. The infrastructure at Auli needs to be developed and connectivity improved. Gulmarg is the best that India has to offer but since its slopes are not homologized, it is not registered with IFS. This is followed by Solang and Narkanda in Himachal which do not have proper ski infrastructure. Besides the regular ski and snowboarding activities, Heli Skiing in India offers some of the best powder conditions in the world, at high altitude. This is a major attraction for advance skiers / snowboarders from all over the world. Other than alpine skiing and snowboarding, India has a small but active Cross Country ski market. This is one area that has scope for development. Since snow skiing is limited to a few winter months, new ski disciplines such as grass skiing and roller skiing have been added to this sport, to ensure year-round activity. There is huge scope for profitable private investment in synthetic ski slopes, grass ski slopes and roller ski run, since these events are part of international skiing competitions.

Challenges:

Access is the main issue today. Other than Gulmarg, all ski areas have an issue with connectivity, with no airports close by or irregular flight connections. In most cases, the drive can last anywhere between 5 to 12 hours to get to a ski area.

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Qualified instructors:

Though one will find many guides and instructors to teach clients, most of them are not qualified or certified. There is an immediate need to set standards of coaching in India. Being injuryprone, skiing should not be permitted without qualified instructors unless tourists are qualified from a recognized institute. Instructors must be qualified in advance ski course from IISM (Indian Institute of Skiing and Mountaineering, Gulmarg), and JIM&WS Pahalgam. Army and ITBP have their own training institutes and their instructors are at par with National or state ski instructors.

Safety on and off-piste:

Ski instructors/ guides must be able to assess weather and mountain hazards (avalanches, snow condition and terrain) correctly, respond and behave appropriately and be able to take immediate action in the event of an accident. The candidate should be familiar with and able to implement local/FIS rules. The instructor must brief clients about the local culture and a strict ‘leave no trace’ policy on the mountain.

Equipment:

Equipment available for rent must be thoroughly inspected before use.

Ski Patrol and Evacuations:

Gulmarg is the only ski area in India that has a formal Ski Patrol team that is well trained and equipped. None of the other areas have a dedicated team to monitor slopes and skiers. This should be made into a minimum requirement for a state to operate a ski area. Evacuation remains a vexing issue since neither medical facilities nor evacuation systems are in position in major ski areas. Gulmarg is perhaps the only area where the Indian Army and Air Force have a system to evacuate injured skiers.

Guides and Training

a) The instructor should be proficient in Hindi/local language and English as a medium of instruction.

b) The instructor should be able to grade up lessons in a step wise manner covering walking exercises, basic swings, parallel turns etc.

c) All ski/snowboarding guides must have valid First Aid/CPR certification.

d) Must preserve local flora, fauna and environment.

e) Ski guides must have skiing certification from a national or international skiing or snowboarding Institute, approved by the Director of the local snow-sport school.

f) The instructor should be able to teach all guest categories and age groups, as a group or individual one on one lesson.

g) The instructor should be able to judge extreme weather conditions and other hazards like avalanches, snow condition and blizzards.

Group Sizes:

The instructor/student ratio should be small and manageable. The ideal group strength should not be more than 10 persons per instructor. The group must be formed based on participant’s age, learning ability and prior proficiency.

Tour Operator/Agents

a) The tour operator on ground must be registered with Ministry of Tourism,Government of India OR State Tourism body as an Adventure Tour Operator.

Equipment Use:

The correct use and proper maintenance of equipment is essential for conducting safe skiing and snowboarding activities.

Whenever equipment is hired the tour operator must ensure that:

a) Ski equipment is fully serviceable with all components and is routinely checked every time it is used.

b) Snow sport helmets in good condition and certified by a recognized safety standards organization.

c) Ski boots and bindings are compatible with each other.

d) Ski helmet must be of correct fitting and size.

e) Only fully qualified technicians to undertake the fitting of equipment.

f) The tension on bindings must be fitted with due consideration to the age, weight, height and ability of the participant and the manufacturer’s instructions.

g) The ski binding must be put at the correct tension level looking at the proficiency of the skier and their weight.

h) Boots must be dry and in full working order with no significant damage that could reduce performance. All fastenings must be fully functional.

i) Skis and boots should be numbered and easily identifiable.

 j) The tour operator must regularly check that these conditions are being met and should be able to provide evidence of such checks upon request.

Ski Lifts

a) The tour operator should have tested and used the lift system, particularly those parts dedicated to beginners.

b) The whole ski area and line of lift must be under watch of the operator who should be able to take immediate action in case of an accident.

c) Resorts must be assessed by the tour operator as suitable for the age group and activity.

d) Both lift system and runs, particularly nursery slopes, should be able to absorb the number of tourists in a group without causing dangerous overcrowding.

e) Lifts should be suitable for the age and experience of group being handled.

Inspection and maintenance procedures

 Whenever skiing equipment is owned by the operator, independent inspections and maintenance are to be carried out before the commencement of the season. This requires sound knowledge of equipment and therefore must be carried out by a qualified technician. As a minimum, the inspector must be a qualified instructor. Basic inspections must be carried out after every use by the guide/escort and recordsmaintained. The edges and bindings must be in good working condition.

SOP’s and operating instructions

 The systems and SOP’s required at each individual ski resort will differ. While ensuring the minimum requirements and standards that apply to all skiing and snowboarding activities, ski operators must maintain a SOP which is known and understood by all participants. The instructor as well as the Tourists Participating in these activities must get Physical Fitness Certificate from a Physician. The SOP should cover the following:

a) DOs and DON'Ts for the particular ski resort/area.

b) Procedure for use of Ski Lift, timing, ticketing and local customs.

c) Manufacturer’s manual for the ski equipment in use.

d) Location and identification of slopes that require a minimum proficiency level.

e) Instruction procedures.

f) The outer limits of the skiing area and any known hazards.

g) Appropriate Personal clothing and protective gear.

h) Emergency and accident procedures, responsibilities, and reporting.

i) Fully equipped first aid kit available on the slope.

Risk Mitigation

a) The entire ski area must be mapped and the ski runs graded in colour codes for easy identification.

b) Extensive signage on and off the slopes to show run grading, off paste and groomed areas and area under ski patrol.

c) Must ensure that skiers on Black and Red runs are always accompanied by a qualified mountain ski guide.

d) Every Mountain Ski guide must carry Recco or similar systems for avalanche rescue, avalanche poles, first aid, walkie talkies and cell phones

e) First aid kit must be available in the ski area itself. In addition, a detailed Emergency Action Plan must be written that includes contact numbers of the available emergency services. Evacuation routes and emergency procedures must be included in the company’s risk assessment.

Safety Briefing:

Beginners:

a) Wear appropriate clothing in layers, that will protect from wind and cold.

b) Carry /drink enough water, a minimum of 3 -4 litters every day.

c) Carry extra knee and ankle support with you at all times

d) Always unbuckle your ski boots while walking to reduce strain on ankles. At the same time ensure that boots are re buckled and fasten all loose clothing and gear before commencing your run.

e) Listen carefully to all instructions. Follow the defined line and do not hesitate to get clarifications from your instructor.

f) Maximum accidents happen while takinga ski lift. Skiers should not be allowed to use ski lift until they develop full confidence to use their ski equipment properly. Read signage and listen to instructions carefully. Never disobey your instructors on the slopes.

Safety Briefing:

a) Be aware of prevailing weather conditions and predicted patterns. Wear and carry appropriate gear.

b) Always have a walkie talkie or mobile phone (where applicable)/wireless set in your pack in case you get separated.

c) Never ski alone. Always with an instructor or in a group.

d) Understand clearly the location of avalanche zones and if a ski patrol is active in the area.

e) Read avalanche warnings before you get onto the Black or Red runs.

f) You must have a Recco system to trace you in case of an avalanche incident.

g) Plan to finish your last run of the day latest by 1600 hrs so that there is enough daylight time to initiate a rescue if needed.

h) If you and your buddy/instructor are going Off Paste, then ensure that you leave information behind outlining the area you plan to ski/snow board in.

i) Carry emergency rations and an extensive medical kit in case you have to spend a night in the open.

Medical Concerns:

Clients must be physically fit prior to a ski holiday and highlight following medical concerns prior to booking a ski package. Operators must get a medical opinion from a qualified doctor clearing the guest for skiing and snowboarding, in case any of the following concerns are highlighted the activity should not be undertaken:

a) Asthma (must carry inhalers).

b) High Blood Pressure.

c) Heart disease or recent open-heart surgery.

d) Diabetes.

e) Knee related problems.

 f) Severe spinal issues.

g) Pregnancy.

h) Severe allergies.

i) Recent surgery / hospitalization.

 j) Any other ailments that you may deem life threatening in outdoor conditions.

Basic Minimum Standards for grant of recognition to Operator:

 a) Operator must have minimum two instructors on full time employment or long-term contract (minimum 12 months).

b) The instructors must have successfully completed an advance level skiing / snowboarding course from an International/ National or State Level ski institute. Instructors must have valid First Aid/CPR certification.

c) The Operator must have / or show proof of being able to hire a minimum of 20 serviceable sets of ski / snowboard equipment. This should include clothing and gear.

d) The operator must have adequate and up to date knowledge of the ski areas and runs available.

e) The operator must be able to clearly identify the slope and area of operation based upon qualification and experience of the ski instructor/tourists.

f) In case the operator is operating in Off Paste sections that are not in the purview of the local Ski Patrol, they must be able to clearly define and display a rescue and evacuation policy.

 g) For running trips off paste, Black and Red sections, the instructors leading the group must be able to prove that they have skied/boarded the runs at least once before taking any clients on the same section.

h) The operator must have a wireless/walkie talkie/mobile phone set to use on the slopes.

i) The operator must carry a First Aid kit and water on each trip.

 j) The operator must maintain live records of all guests on the slopes on any given day and time. These come in handy in case of any emergency/rescue.

k) The company must follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and conform to high sustainability standards.

Trekking

Trekking in India offers a unique opportunity to explore the diverse landscapes and cultures of the country. From the towering peaks of the Himalayas to the lush forests of the Western Ghats, India offers a wide range of trekking options for all skill levels. Trekking in India can be a challenging but rewarding experience, allowing trekkers to immerse themselves in the natural beauty and cultural richness of the regions they explore. Popular trekking destinations in India include Ladakh, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and the Western Ghats in Maharashtra and Karnataka. It is important for trekkers to prepare adequately, including carrying appropriate gear and clothing, arranging for permits and guides, and taking precautions to ensure their safety while trekking.With 73 percent of the Himalayan range in India, trekking has become the most popular adventure activity in the country. These Basic Minimum Standards will apply specifically to commercial trekking expeditions across the country and at altitudes above 2000 meters.

Guidelines For Trekking

a) Who are leading trekking activities must be skilled and qualified to lead trekking groups. Trek leaders should have a certificate issued by a MOT recognised adventure tour operator stating that the individual “has experience of 3 years in assisting trekking expeditions at altitudes of 2000m or minimum 10 climbs above 2000m(for guiding in the Himalayas minimum 5 climbs above 4500 m) clearly reflected in a logbook duly authenticated or validated by the operator and the clients. And above and is independently capable of guiding trekking groups and carrying out rescue operations” OR : Completed the Basic Mountaineering Course from any of the National Mountaineering Institutes and carry a certificate duly authenticated by an Indian Mountaineering Foundation (IMF) recognized body OR IMF accredited tour operator.

b) Maintain a logbook containing authenticated records of trekking experience.

c) Must have valid certification of minimum 16 hour (2 day) first aid and CPR course provided by a recognised and qualified provider. The maximum group size should be fixed depending on the nature of the trek. The treks can be divided into different categories like Low Altitude Treks/ Glacier Treks/ High Altitude Treks/ Trekking Expeditions etc.

Equipment care and maintenance

 a) The correct use and proper maintenance of trekking equipment is essential for conducting trekking activities and should never be taken lightly.

b) Trekking equipment such as tents, sleeping bags etc should be appropriate for the terrain in which it is being used.

c) All equipment is subject to wear and tear and must be checked before every use. Proper Equipment must be stored properly and inspected periodically. Unserviceable equipment should be discarded immediately. Operators and leaders must have sound knowledge of this and have systems in place in order to control and manage their equipment.

Inspection and maintenance procedures

 Inspection and maintenance require sound knowledge of the systems and equipment and must be carried out by qualified persons, as a minimum the inspector must be a qualified guide/instructor. Basic inspections must be carried out before every use with detailed inspections carried out on a regular basis in accordance with their operational procedures and risk assessments.

SOP’s and operating instructions

a) All Trekking Tour Operators must maintain and update a Standard Operating Procedure for their operations and get the same vetted from ATOAI from time to time. SOP’s should be in accordance with risk management practices recommended by ATOAI.

b) SOP’s for organizing the trekking expedition, such as assessing of members qualification, medical condition and experience, procedures for obtaining various permissions, travel to the trekking area, maintenance of base camp including hygiene, precautions for avoiding high altitude sickness, safety precautions, communication, weather reports, procedure for emergencies, communication protocol, casualty evacuation, incident and accident reporting and feedback mechanism must be well documented and part of staff training. The following must be included in the SOPs:

i) The guiding and porter staff on the mountain and the material supplied must be adequate for the aims of the party and stated level of service offered.

ii) Advance arrangements must be known for medical help. Advance arrangements must also be made for evacuation assistance in case of emergency. A detailed Emergency Action Plan must be in position and communicated to all concerned prior to the commencement of the trek.

iii) Advertising must give a true picture of all the difficulties and dangers involved, and avoid promising the impossible. For commercial trekking expeditions, information about the guiding team and their experience should be sent to the clients beforehand.

iv) The client must truthfully reveal his experience, supported by documentation/ photograph, medical history etc to the organiser so that the organiser can make an informed choice about the potential client. For high altitude treks a doctor’s fitness certificate for clients is recommended.

 v) Information supplied in advance will include a clear statement of the guiding, porterage and equipment which will be supplied by the organiser, together with a detailed gear / clothing list for the clients.

vi) Sustainability guidelines: In accordance with the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria adopted by ATOAI with strong adherence to ‘leave no trace’ policy.

Documentation

The tour operator must maintain, at the minimum the following documentation:

a) Details of all Guides and Instructors including copies of certifications, record of trekking experience and feedback from clients.

b) Copies of all Permits and Permissions of current trekking expeditions.

c) Copies of identification documents, Insurance cover and details of next of kin for all participants, guides and instructors.

d) Copy of SOP.

e) Current list of emergency contact numbers.

f) Emergency Action Plan for the trek.

Risk mitigation

 In order to mitigate risk of high-altitude trekking, the following is advised:

a) To get participants medically examined before starting on the journey. A visit to a dentist is also recommended prior to multi day treks.

b) Unless guided by a highly experienced guide, at least two members of the party have experience of high altitude trekking with valid First Aid/ CPR certification.

c) Ensure that environmental safeguards are implemented in their programme so that the area visited by them suffers no damage, and is left clean for subsequent expeditions.

d) The operator must ensure that a comprehensive risk assessment is done and properly documented before operating any trekking expedition.

Emergencies and Rescues:

a) Adequate first aid medical equipment must be available with the party. For high altitude treks an oxygen cylinder and Gamow bag are recommended.

b) Evacuation routes must be identified and known to participants, guides and instructors.

c) A detailed and documented Emergency Action Plan with emergency contact numbers must be available with the partyalong with closest available emergency services which can be called upon as required.

Safety briefing

a) Safety briefing should form an integral part of a daily routine of the lead guide / trip leader.

b) Where significant risks have been identified, lead guides should explain these risks and advise clients of any action needed to safeguard themselves.

c) Local guides / trip leader’s primary responsibility is to ensure safety of the clients, support staff and themselves.

d) This requirement comes before all other responsibilities and the lead guides / trip leaders should be assured that any decision made by them to ensure the safety of all will be supported by the company.

e) Safety briefing should also include information about weather forecast (if available), elevation profile, time taken on the trail, hazards, hydration and trail hygiene.

Medical concerns

a) Local guides / trip leaders should be aware of any common health risks that may be present on a trekking expedition and should know how to prevent and treat problems. This may include environment related conditions such as hypothermia, sunstroke or altitude sickness.

b) The lead guide / trip leaders should be aware of any pre-existing medical conditions/ allergies within the group and this information should be checked during the main briefing. The lead guide must speak to the client/s who declare such conditions to gain a clear understanding of the medical concern.

c) The lead guide / trip leaders must be aware of the local / nearest possible emergency services available and how to contact them.

d) Must carry First Aid / Medical kit with emergency medicines as required and itis absolutely important that first aid kits are routinely checked for expiration of medicines and serviceability and replaced as necessary.

Basic Minimum Standards for grant of recognition to Adventure Tour operators

a) The operator should have a minimum of three qualified staff. The owner of the firm could be included as one of the qualified employees. Either, the Owner / Director or their Operations - Chief should be well qualified in the activity the adventure operator wants to pursue, which is determined by certification by any national or international institute in the activity or minimum of three years of practical experience.

b) The operators must have their own adventure equipment.

c) The field staff of Adventure Tour Operator must be qualified for the activity or must have minimum of three years of practical experience.

d) Field staff of the company must be qualified in First - Aid / C.P.R by Red Cross or equivalent body or Certificate Course conducted by the Adventure Tour Operators Association of India.

e) The company must sign an undertaking for adherence to sustainable practices and protection of environment in keeping with guidelines for ecotourism and safety guidelines of Ministry of Tourism / Adventure Tour Operator Association of India.

f) The company must maintain in its office premises all the maps and reference material.

g) The company must have printed brochure or website clearly describing its i) present activities (ii) Its area of operation (iii) its commitment to follow Ecotourism guidelines / GSTC guidelines adopted by ATOAI.

h) The company must follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and conform to high sustainability standards.

Wildlife safaris

Wildlife safaris in India offer a chance to witness the incredible diversity of wildlife found in the country. India is home to several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries that are home to a variety of exotic animals, including tigers, elephants, rhinoceroses, leopards, and many more. Some of the most popular national parks for wildlife safaris in India include Kanha National Park, Bandhavgarh National Park, Jim Corbett National Park, Kaziranga National Park, and Ranthambore National Park. Visitors can enjoy guided wildlife safaris on jeep, elephant-back or on foot, and can witness these majestic animals in their natural habitats. It is important to follow the rules and guidelines set by the national parks to ensure the safety of both the visitors and the wildlife. Wildlife safaris in India can be an unforgettable experience for nature and wildlife enthusiasts, offering an opportunity to connect with nature and witness the majesty of these incredible animals up close.

The modern safari is also a socially responsible journey designed to interact ethically with local communities and have a positive impact on local economies. The cultural interactions offered by reputable safari operators do not exploit local people. The local communities benefit from sustainable tourism through employment and financial gains from selling goods and services (dance performances, guided trips and resource management etc). Some safari companies directly support social

upliftment projects whilst others make use of lodges, reserves and other establishments that assist local communities.

Guidelines For Wildlife Tourism

Basic minimum qualifications and experience

Guide Training: Need to conduct regular Training Programmes for their Wildlife Guides to ensure a good quality of wildlife experience for the clients:

a) Comprehensive syllabus and training for guides on wildlife/ birds of Indian sub-continent.

b) Field training in multiple ecosystems to prepare guides for different locations.

c) Additionally, we must provide vernacular medium literature for local guide.

d) Need to understand safe distance necessary to be maintained to prevent animal charge.

e) Emergency manoeuvres in case of a charge by an animal.

f) First Aid and CPR training / certification is a must for wildlife guides.

Equipment

A good wildlife organisation/guide must possess the following equipment:

a)Good binoculars/spotting scope.

b) Healthy and well-maintained vehicle.

c) Field Guides for Birds/Mammals/ Snakes/Butterflies/Insects/Amphibians etc are a must.

d)Good point and shoot camera (Optional).

e) Mobile phones where possible/wireless sets for communication with the main gate (recommended/optional).

f) GPS tracking systems on every vehicle entering the park (preferable).

Inspection & Maintenance Procedures

 a) Check tyre pressure before every safari session.

b) Sufficient fuel in the vehicle.

c) Check for ample brake fluid and coolant in the vehicle.

d) Regular lubrication of suspension points of the vehicle.

 e) Binoculars have moving parts and are very sensitive equipment and can easily be mishandled. They need regular checks for fungus and parallax.

f) Need for regular refresher courses for guides

SOP’s & Operating Instructions

In order to provide the clients with a good wildlife experience, while maintaining a safe distance from the animals - guides need a training programme. Some of the most important areas that need to be covered include:

a) Weather/ climate briefing: Before setting off on a Safari, the guide must provide the client sufficient brief on the expected heat/ cold/ rain etc during the trip and to be prepared for personal and equipment protection.

b) Garbage is one of the most dangerous problems created by Wildlife Tourism.Empty chips wrappers are salt laced but the animals are unable to lick the salts from inside of the wrappers. Hence the packets are swallowed by animals leading to chocking and death.

c) Maintenance of vehicles is extremely important. This kind of tourism takes clients into remote areas where access and communication can be a major issue in case of a breakdown. Walking back is not an option.

d) Knowledge and experience of the guides can often become a limiting factor in providing the clients with a good experience. Resorts must invest in good Guides/ Naturalists.

e) Interpretation: On return from the Safari, the Resort Guide/Naturalist must ensure a good post trail de-brief to provide the tourists with a good experience. Resorts/ campsites must also invest in a good library with field guides and interpretation material.

 f) Collecting souvenirs like antlers, feathers, bones, shells and plant parts is illegal and a punishable offence. Guides should not succumb to client pressure to provide these materials.

g) Sighting a tiger in the forest is an extremely exciting activity. However, the tiger is not too amused. Guides should ensure adherence to the 5 minute sighting/ photography rule and should move the vehicle away to allow other vehicles to see and move away too.

h) Sight of nesting birds is uncommon. However, we must understand that this is a very sensitive period for the bird. They can be threatened by our very presence. At such times, extreme care needs to be taken while photographing bird activity. Photographing birds on their nests is absolutely not permitted.

i) Appropriate distance to be maintained between vehicles and safe distance from respective animals should be adhered to at all times (about 10 meters distance from the animals).

j) Using horns/any loud behaviour is strictly prohibited in the parks.

k) A strict ‘leave no trace’ policy has to be followed in all parks.

Documentation

a) Naturalist/safari guides should document safari sightings. Any illegal activity on the safari routes should be reported at the gate/ to the park authorities in writing.

 b) Vehicle maintenance logbook to be maintained for each vehicle.

c) Pollution under control certification of each vehicle should be compulsory for all vehicles entering the park.

Risk Mitigation

a) Wildlife Tourism can bring in clients who are unfit/ or allergic to certain weather conditions. Brief medical condition of the client should be known with very specific instructions to carry the necessary medicines – owing to the paucity of good medical help in close proximity to wilderness areas.

b) Wild animals are unpredictable. But certain situations can easily be prevented:

i) Coming too close to animals is dangerous.

ii) Mothers with young ones are easily provoked.

iii) Use of flash can anger even the most docile animals.

 iv) Feeding of animals is prohibited. However certain animals can attack even on realising the existence of food. As an example, Langoors can snatch food, Sloth bears can tear into tents in search of food and Elephant’s simple reactions to food can cause severe damage. Food must be very carefully handled.

v) Handling snakes is dangerous. This must be done only by a trained handler. However, in a situation where there is no such handler, care must be taken to provide the snake with an exit route. Identifying venomous and non-venomous snakes should be left to experts. All snakes should be handled with due care.

Emergencies & Rescues

All resort staff / safari guides must be aware of the nearest medical facility and the evacuation means.

a) Guides must know and be certified in First Aid/CPR.

b) Emergencies could most often be due to medical condition of the client or due to snake bite/sting.

c) Bee stings can become life threatening. Those with known bee sting allergies should carry an Epi pen.

d) Sun stroke and other weather-related situations can get aggravated on long exposure.

Safety briefing

Briefings for a good wildlife experience should include the following:

a) Appropriate dress for the season and camouflage. Earthy coloured clothing should be recommended for wildlife safaris.

b) Any medicines that might need to be carried such as heart/BP/asthma medication /and rehydration fluids.

c) There are very few field toilets in India. Use of bush needs utmost care.

d) No one to disembark from a vehicle during the safari.

e) Noise disturbs animals – while most animals will shy away, some like juvenile elephants and wild boars may charge.

 f) Ensuring zero garbage policy in wilderness areas. There is a need to take back all garbage back to resort/ base camp.

g) Need to handle food very carefully in wilderness areas as it can attract animals and create a panic.

h) Inflammable material like matchbox, lighters etc should not be carried inside the national park.

Medical concerns

a) Elderly clients and clients with need of regular medicines should be warned of poor medical facilities in the proximity of wilderness areas.

b) Emergencies like snake bites and bee stings need immediate assistance. Evacuation/ access to the nearest Primary Health Centre/ Civil Hospital should be planned for. Anti Snake Venom cannot be normally stored and administered by untrained personnel.

c) First aid kits with material like sanitary napkins should be maintained at locations.

Basic Minimum Standards for grant of recognition to operators:

 The Wildlife Tourism industry is now moving towards Environmentally Responsible Operators and expects certain basic standards to be maintained like:

a) Well trained naturalists/safari guides.

b) Must own/be in a position to hire well maintained vehicles.

c) Sustainable Tourism: Responsible Waste Management plan should be in place to segregate/compost waste generated. Rain water harvesting in the premises, composting and waste management, mitigating the impact on wildlife - by retaining corridors, lowering light intensity, reducing sound levels, taking up appropriate plantations.

d) Multi Activity Resorts: Resorts must not depend only on a single activity like a Safari for its clients. Instead, effort must be made to give them a good ‘Wild Experience’ with activities like cycling, bird watching, adventure, community interaction, farming and harvesting among others. This will not only reduce the pressure on the wilderness – but also help the resort to increase business by increasing options for more night stays.

e) Interpretation: This is one of the mostimportant activities to educate and involve the client. Resorts/Campsites must invest in well trained guides

f) Supporting local population and economy: Resorts/Campsites must be able to employ and capacity build local population to benefit from tourism. It is recommended that as far as possible the purchasing policy must be a ‘Buy Local’ policy. It supports the local economy and resorts can provide their clients with a realistic local experience. Also importantly, it reduces the environmental cost of food material due to transportation. Resorts/campsites must support local dairy/poultry/manure/nursery/handicraft/ artisans. Resorts/camps to coordinate promotion of conservation locally through interaction with school students/local Panchayat.

g) CSR Activity: Resorts/ Campsites should be supportive of the local needs of education, medical and sporting activities.

h) The company must follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and conform to high sustainability standards.

Risk Analysis and Management Process

Activity/ Situation: Wildlife Safaris

Risks

Accident, injury other forms loss:

a) Dehydration.

b) Sunburn/ Heat stroke.

c) Injury/bruises/lacerations.

d) Animal attack.

CAUSAL FACTORS

Hazards, perils, dangers

People

a) Participants getting hyper active on the safari vehicle.

 b) Making noise and displaying aggressive behaviour.

c) Not carrying enough water, sunscreen, hat or appropriate clothing to protect from weather.

d) Photographers getting too close/using flash.

Equipment

a) Inappropriate clothing.

b) Lacking water bottles.

 c) Vehicle breaking down.

Environment

a) Heat/Cold.

b)Rough weather

Risk Management Strategy

Normal Operation - People

a) Explain that if tourists are hyper active - they will lose the privilege of Safari and the vehicle turns back.

b) Ensure that tourists do not jump out of the vehicle of make collections.

 Normal Operation - Equipment

a) Confirm that clients are carrying water and light snacks. Are appropriately dressed with cap/hat.

b) Participants should dress up for the season.

Normal Operation - Environment

a) Check for condition of vehicle.

Emergency

a) Know where the nearest hospital is, ensure that the guide knows basic first aid.

 b) A vehicle on call for emergency evacuation should be available.

Guidelines Recommended

a) Areas with tigress with cubs need to be avoided.

b) Never approach elephants too close.

 c) Photographing birds on nest to be totally avoided.

Skills Required by Staff

a) Thorough knowledge of wildlife and terrain

b) Driver to be able to undertake minor repairs of the vehicle

Zip Wires & High Ropes Courses

Zip wires and high ropes courses are recreational activities that involve physical challenges and outdoor adventure. Zip wires consist of a cable or rope that is suspended between two points, allowing a person to slide down it while attached to a harness. High ropes courses are similar to zip wires, but they also include elevated obstacle courses that require participants to navigate between platforms and ropes while being secured by a harness.While zip wires and high ropes courses can be exciting and thrilling, they also come with inherent risks. It is important to follow all safety guidelines and instructions provided by trained staff, and to ensure that all equipment is in good working condition. It is also recommended to consult with a medical professional before participating in these activities, especially if you have any pre-existing medical conditions or injuries.

All owners & operators of Zip Wire and High Ropes Courses should aspire to install and operate their courses to the following European Standard: EN 15567:2015 (Sports and recreational facilities – Ropes courses: Part 1: Construction and safety requirements; Part 2: Operation requirements). What follows is an abridged version of these standards.

High ropes and zip wire courses involve participants engaged in activities while attached to ropes or cables more than 1.0m above ground level. A zip wire is defined as an activity system or ropes course in which the participant glides under gravity in a sloping direction. Both high ropes and zip wire courses are distinct from playground equipment in that they have restricted access and require supervision.

Such activities involve risks that should be managed by the operators. This is achieved through careful supervision, training, instruction & information. On the basis of a risk assessment, operators should take reasonably practicable measures to ensure the safety of participants, including safety devices and protocols designed to limit the risk or consequences of falls or collisions. However, it should be understood that such risks cannot be eliminated altogether.

Medical concerns:

High ropes and zip wire courses should only be undertaken by those who are physically and mentally able to comply with the safety requirements specified by the operator. Participants must get a medical opinion from a qualified doctor clearing them for participating in high ropes/ zip wires activity, in case any of the following concerns are highlighted:

 a) Asthma (must carry inhalers).

b) High Blood Pressure.

c) Heart disease or recent open-heart surgery.

d) Diabetes.

e) Knee related problems.

 f) Spinal issues.

g) Severe allergies

h) Recent surgery/hospitalization.

i) Any other ailments of a serious nature.

 j) Pregnancy (expecting mothers should not participate in the activity).

Guides

 It is vital that any guides or instructors involved in high ropes and zip wire courses have the right combination of training and experience to carry out the following tasks: a) Provide participants with the information required to ensure that the equipment and elements are used correctly.

b) Check that participants use the right equipment.

c) Assess a participant’s self-sufficiency on a high ropes or zip wire test course.

d) Ensure that the operator’s safety instructions are complied with.

e) Carry out a mid-span rescue, safely bringing a participant back to the ground within 30 minutes; or alert an onsite rescuer if required.

f)Provide assistance to participants.

g) Provide participants with First Aid, including stretcher evacuation if required.

Training

 As a basic minimum, all high ropes and zip wire courses should have guides trained to the following level:

a) All guides to be trained in First Aid / CPR course, provided by a reputable organization approved by ATOAI.

b) All guides to be trained in basic high ropes and / or zip wire operations – in house training, to a standard approved by ATOAI.

c) Guide competence in all safety critical roles validated via regular assessment, containing clearly defined pass and fail criteria, by a senior instructor.

d) Regular field monitoring to assess guide competence with participants while not under direct supervision.

e) At least one guide per course to be rescue trained and assessed as capable of conducting a mid-span rescue, safely bringing a participant back to the ground within 30 minutes.

The manager and/or senior instructor to have;

 a) a minimum of 2 years’ experience as a full-time guide on a high ropes or zip wire course.

b) an advanced first aid/ CPR qualification above that of an 8-hour course.

c) adequate training and assessment to validate their competence in a senior role.

Equipment – the installation

a) Choice of site- The High Ropes or Zip Wire Course shall be located in an area of reasonable operating safety; it shall be possible to evacuate participants from any part of the course.

b) Materials- Materials shall be fit for purpose. Timber parts shall be designed in such a way that precipitation can drain off freely and water accumulation can be avoided. Metal parts shall be weatherproofed against atmospheric conditions.

c) Wire rope-Only galvanised or stainless steel wire ropes shall be used. Terminations around trees and poles shall have a closure angle less than or equal to 60 degrees. Wire rope inspections and discard criteria shall conform to ISO 4309.

d) Wire rope terminations and grips- All wire rope terminations shall conform to EN 13411 Parts 1-7. The number of wire grips shall depend on the nature and diameter of the wire rope and the types of wire ropes and grips used. It shall not be possible to undo critical components without a tool. Points of attachment on wire ropes may create local fatigue and shall be given special attention during inspections.

e) Design and manufacture- High Ropes or Zip Wire Courses shall be designed with consideration for the size and body weight of the participants. The dynamic load(generated by a falling participant) shall not exceed 6kN. Installations using self-belay systems made out of steel wire rope shall be calculated using safety factor 3.0 in relation to the ultimate load.

 f) Support system- The support system (artificial and/or natural structure intended for installation of activity and safety systems) shall have the stability and resistance appropriate for the load calculated. In instances where the zip line course transmits loads to the existing structure (e.g. building) care shall be exercised to ensure that the existing structure can bear the loads created by the zip lines. When rocks are used as supporting structures the anchor pull out strength must be at least four times the applied load.

g) Activity system- The activity system (e.g. landings, platforms, descending devices, zip wires) shall be designed to accommodate the imposed loads. The safety connection between the participant and the zip wire shall be made with the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Wire ropes shall have no exposed broken wire ends within the reach of the participants. If any part of the zip wire and landing area is not visible from the start point a departure regulation system shall be used. Appropriate training and equipment shall be provided if participants are required to brake actively during the descent; a passive braking system (e.g. gravity, buffer, bungee, net) shall always be in place.

h) Safety system- The safety system can be collective (e.g. railings, landing mats, belay anchor) or individual (e.g. safety harness & belay to fall arrest device). When participants’ feet are more than 1.0m from the ground, a safety system shall be in place. Systems, in particular with movable trolleys, shall be designed in such a way as to reduce entrapment of body parts or clothing.

i) Inspection and maintenance- Before the site is inaugurated a competent body, approved by ATOAI, shall certify that the site is in compliance with this standard. The following shall be carried out: a visual inspection, a functional inspection, a design validation, documentation including structural analysis, date and location of inspection, result of inspection and details of any defects detected. The inspection report shall be included in the operations manual of the course. After inauguration, the equipment and its components should be inspected or maintained as follows:

i) Routine visual check – before each opening

ii) Operational inspection – every 1-3 months

iii) Periodical inspection – at least once per year by an inspection body, to include: visual inspection, functional inspection, determination of replacement state of worn parts, inspection including manufacturer’s instructions for maintenance

j) User manual for operators-The manufacturer or installer of a zip line course shall provide a manual containing at least the following information:

i)Technical description of the facility and its individual components,

ii) Use of the course & marking,

iii) Manufacturer’s declaration, containing: the basis of static load calculation, normative references, exclusions of liability, if any.

k) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): All participants are required to wear PPE while engaged in High Ropes and Zip Wire Course activities. As a minimum, the PPE should include:

i) Rock climbing sit harness.

ii) Additional chest harness or full body harness where appropriate, e.g. when a sit harness is ill fitting around the waist.

 iii) Two points of attachment (e.g. lanyards & screw gate karabiners) to the safety system.

 iv) All PPE to conform to UIAA or EN / CE standards.

l) The fitting of PPE shall be checked by a guide prior to use. The PPE shall be inspected and controlled as follows:

i) Routine check – before participants use equipment

ii) Complete check by an inspector – at least every 12 months; after an exceptional event; after the equipment has been withdrawn from use following a routine check

iii) A personal protective equipment inspection register is required for each set of devices.

m) All exceptional events affecting the equipment, the checks performed as a result of such events and the minimum annual checks shall be entered on the register.

n) Competence of the inspectors. An inspector of PPE is deemed to be competent if: i) They hold an advanced national climbing certificate (e.g. mountaineering, climbing); or

ii) They have completed a special course run by an organisation that can certify that the person in question has specific skills in the equipment mentioned; or

 iii) They can prove that they have at least 24 months experience as a trainee inspector, supervised by a competent inspector.

Standard Operating Procedures

 Safety brief; instructions and practical assessment of participants. Before commencing an activity all participants shall be informed of the safety instructions, which should include:

a) Explanation of the high ropes / zip wire course and inherent risks.

b) Explanation of the equipment (PPE) to use when required.

c) Demonstration by the instructor or manipulation of the equipment by the participant.

d) Explanation of the safety instructions, especially the need to be always connected to the safety system by at least one connector.

e) Explanation of any marking placed at the beginning of every course or action system.

f) Identification of instructors and how and when to communicate with them (at any time any participant shall be within range of sight of either an instructor or an adult participant).

g) Action to be taken in event of an accident.

h) All of this information shall be documented.

i) All instructors and guides should be able to give a thorough safety briefing that covers all safety aspects and detailed paddling and rescue instructions in detail. This briefing must be clear, must have the ability to be given in English and/or Hindi, with ability to command guests for the activity.

j) The principles of the various techniques participants will have to perform during the course shall be explained. All participants shall demonstrate their understanding of these techniques by means of a practical assessment by a trained guide on a practice zip or high ropes area. All participants shall pass an assessment of competence on the test course, to a defined pass and fail criteria, before progressing.

k) Supervision – general points. During a rescue operation, a rescuer shall be dispatched without any adverse effect on site supervision. Communication between participants and the guide shall be ensured. At any time any participant shall be within range of sight of either a guide or another adult participant.

l) Course Supervision. Supervision by trained guides is divided into 3 levels:

i) Level 1: a situation whereby a guide can physically intervene.

 ii) Level 2: a situation whereby a guide can clearly see the participant and intervene verbally.

iii) Level 3: a situation whereby a guide is in a position to communicate verbally with and to provide adequate assistance to participants.

m) Continuous belay system & Zip Wire belays. A minimum of one, and preferably two, trained guides shall ensure participants are correctly attached to the safety system on High Ropes or Zip Wire Courses using a continuous belay system.

n) Self belay & Assisted belay. In the event of participants being required to self-belay,there shall be an adequate number of guides to ensure the following:

i) All participants to demonstrate their understanding of the activity procedures and safety instructions in a practice area under Level 1 supervision & assessment.

ii) The first five elements negotiated by a participant shall be under Level 2 supervision. During this period guides shall pay particular attention to the change-overs. After this period participants shall be under Level 3 supervision by guides.

iii) For assisted belays, there shall be a minimum of one guide for 4 participants (at height). In such instances the belayers shall be under Level 1 supervision of the guide.

iv) Children between the ages of 10 and 14 shall be under Level 2 supervision by a guide throughout the activity.

o) Inspection and Maintenance- The equipment or its components should be inspected or maintained as follows:

i) Routine visual check, which shall be carried out before each opening.

 ii) Operational inspection which should be carried out every one to three months (e.g. cleanliness, equipment ground clearances, ground surface finishes, exposed foundations, sharp edges, missing parts, excessive wear of moving parts and the structural integrity of the safety system).

 iii) Periodical inspection, at least once a year. The following should be carried out: a visual inspection, a functional inspection, determination of replacement state of worn parts, inspections including all manufacturer’s/supplier’s instructions for maintenance. Any safety relevant defects observed shall be eliminated. Specific considerations on safety critical wire ropes shall be given to the potential effects of fatigue. For periodical inspections, an inspection report shall be drawn up, including the following:

a) Date and place of inspection,

b) Results of the inspection indicating the defects observed,

 c) Assessment, whether there are any misgivings about further use of the facility,

 d) Information on necessary re-inspection,

e) Name, address and signature of the examiner.

Documentation –

The following documentation is required to be kept onsite:

a) Administrative:

i) Name and address of owner and operator.

ii) Document indicating the annual inspections carried out by an inspecting body.

iii) List of site personnel and their job titles.

 iv) Evidence of public and other liability insurance.

 b) Operational:

i) Log book containing the daily operation sheets (including faults observed during inspections at opening and closing, relevant events concerning safety). These need to be kept for three years.

ii) Accident and incident report sheets.

iii) Personal protective equipment inspection register and operation log.

iv) Risk assessment and management plan – drawn up by the zip line course operator.

v) Instructor and rescue training to be documented.

vi) Manufacturer’s product manual.

vii) Rescue and emergency plan.

viii) Current inspection report.

c) Information to be provided for participants and visitors:

i) Description of the activity and safety instructions.

ii) Limits and restrictions for use.

 iii) Information relating to personal public liability insurance of the operator.

Risk Mitigation & Emergencies

a)Risk Assessment-Each operator of a High Ropes / Zip Wire course is required to conduct a basic risk assessment, at least once per year, according to the format approved by the ATOAI. Documentary evidence of this risk assessment should be kept onsite. The risk assessment will give rise to the Security and Emergency Plan. b)Security and Emergency Action Plan- The security and emergency action plan shall be appropriate to the surface area of the High Ropes / Zip Wire course and the number of participants it can accommodate. It shall contain the following:

i) Names of the rescuers and the name and address of the operator

 ii) Means of communication

iii) Emergency equipment

iv) Drawings indicating the emergency paths, accesses and exits

v) Procedures for evacuation due to injury or extreme weather

vi) Documentation for training in emergencies and reporting accidents

vii) Every High Ropes / Zip Wire Course to have a First Aid kit and stretcher/spinal board onsite.

Basic Minimum Standards for Grant Of Recognition

a) The operator should be registered with the local tourism authorities.

b) All guides must be trained/certified to the standards listed above.

 c) Operational procedures as listed above, must be strictly adhered to and documented.

d) A third-party audit by a qualified/certified engineer must be conducted prior to commencing operations.

e) Periodic site inspections and PPE inspections must be conducted as listed above. f) A comprehensive Risk Management Plan and Emergency Action Plan should be in position and the staff trained periodically on the same.

g) It is highly recommended that any outfit, entity, establishment or company seeking grant for recognition must fulfil these desirable criteria:

i) The entity must own specialized equipment commensurate with needs of undertaking and running such an operation.

ii) The entity must have qualified personnel on their pay roll. These personnel must carry the requisite experience in the activity and be certified in First Aid & CPR.

iii) The entity must operate with the required permits/licenses.

 iv) The entity is recommended to be recognized by the Ministry of Tourism.

v) The entity must have a registered office.

vi) The company must follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and conform to high sustainability standards.

AIR BASED ACTIVITIES

Hot Air Balloon

Currently hot air balloon flights are done in VMC conditions which requires visibility of 5 KMS. Hot Air balloon flights are seasonal and balloon fly at Sunrise and 2 hrs before sunset. A Hot Air Balloon moves at the speed of the localised wind conditions. As per existing operational - guidelines of manufactures, a Hot Air Balloon is not flown in wind conditions exceeding 15 knots (27.8km/h) on the surface. A Hot Air Balloon is a very large (over 14 metres in width and 30 metres in height), brightly coloured, - slow moving object that maintains the same shape and size as seen from a 360° perspective of approaching aircraft. A Hot Air Balloon can safely alter its altitude to climb or descend immediately and at a rate of 1000ft/min (5m/second). A Hot Air Balloon is the only aircraft that allows the Pilot in Command to have a visual 360° direct line of sight whilst piloting the aircraft. The pilot maintains a two way communication with the ATC, hot air balloon is also equipped with GPS, Altimeter and other important instruments. Hot Air Balloons don’t take off from airports they operate at faraway places as allowed by the relevant ATC.

Introduction

 Hot Air Balloons work according to the natural law that hot air is lighter than cold air. To generate lift and therefore take flight, hot air balloons employ a burner that heats the air within the balloon until it becomes lighter than the external air. The difference in the temperature inside the balloon relative to the outside temperature, determines the amount of lift the balloon will have. Accordingly, by controlling the internal temperature, the balloon’s flight is controlled with respect to ascent and descent. The single most defining factor of balloon Flight Safety is the weather. From take-off to landing; fog, rain, snow, wind, thermal winds etc. are all key elements to consider when attempting a safe hot air balloon flight. Before a safe balloon flight can begin, the pilot must always check the forecast and select a suitable departure and landing area. The D.G.C.A. (Director General Civil Aviation - www.dgca.nic.in) in India has formulated regulations for Hot Air Balloons in the Civil Aviation Requirements, CAR Section 2 – Airworthiness, Series ‘F’ Part XV, Revision-1, Dated 11th November 2008 of D.G.C.A., Min of Civil Aviation, Govt. of India and wherever any clarification needed should be read with this CAR. There are two main types of Hot Air Balloon Flight:

1) Free Flight – This is where a Balloon takes off from one location and travels with the wind to land at another alternate location.

2) Tethered Flight – This is when ropes are safely attached to the Balloon and the Balloon ascends and descends on the spot, with the ropes restraining the Balloon from flying away with the wind. There is no difference as far as the regulations are concerned between Free Flights (without ropes) and Tethered Flights (with ropes). All the requirements for Operator certification, pilot qualifications and equipment registration & maintenance have to be met for tethered flights as well.

Guidelines For Hot Air Balloon

To fly Hot Air Balloons one must have a Balloon Pilot License issued by DGCA. If an operator employs Foreign Pilots then those Pilots must have a Valid FATA (Foreign Aircrew Temporary Authorization) which is issued by DGCA. As part of all Pilot license requirements, every Pilot must be having a Medical Certificate endorsed by the relevant Civil Aviation Authority.

Equipment required

 Instruments & Equipment to be carried by Balloons in flight:

a) Hand fire extinguisher of an approved type, in the main compartment carrying personnel.

b) Safety harness for each personnel on board. The harness for each person need not be provided for gondola or basket type of balloons.

 c) A compass

d) An altimeter

e) A rate of climb indicator.

 f) First Aid Kit (as per CAR Series X Part III)

g) A fuel quantity gauge.

h) An envelope temperature indicator.

i) 3 separate ignition sources

 j) Two-way R/T Communication Equipment.

k) Flight Manuals, Operations manual and all other relevant manuals as specified by DGCA.

Equipment care and maintenance

 Balloons are certified aircraft and, as such, are regulated by the D.G.C.A. They must meet manufacturing standards and are subject to periodic inspections, just like a commercial aircraft. All Balloons must be registered with the D.G.C.A. and its registration no. displayed on the Balloon.

Inspection & Maintenance Procedures

 On the basis of Manufacturer Maintenance Manual, operators need to prepare an Aircraft Maintenance Program (AMP) which must be approved by the DGCA. Details of all inspection schedules are as follows:

Part 3: Unscheduled Inspections

This Part contains the special inspections considered necessary if the balloon has been subjected to overheating or a hard landing or contact with power lines. Following are the conditions in which these inspections are to be carried out:

a) Inspection after Overheating.

b) Power line Contact Inspection.

c) Hard landing Inspection.

SOP’s & Operating Instructions

 Hot Air Balloon Operations should be undertaken with the following considerations: a) Operating instructions must be followed as per the operations manual approved by DGCA.

b) Flight Manual Information and Approval. The Flight Manual must contain:

i) A description of the balloon and its technical equipment with explanatory sketches. ii) Operating limitations, normal procedures (including rigging, inflation and deflation), emergency procedures, and other relevant information specific to the balloon’s operating characteristics and necessary for safe operation.

iii) Specification of the permissible lifting gas.

iv) Information for ground handling, transport and storage.

Documentation

 The following documentation is required to be maintained by the operator:

a) Administrative:

i) Details of owner and operator.

ii) Document indicating the annual inspections carried out by an inspecting body.

 iii) List of Pilots along with copies of relevant certifications.

 iv) Evidence of public and other liability insurance.

 v) Copies of Permission from Airports Authority and Local Collector.

b) Operational:

i) Log book containing the daily operation sheets.

ii) Accident/ incident report sheets.

iii) Flight and operations log.

iv) Passenger Manifest Sheets.

v) Risk assessment and management plan.

vi) Emergency procedures manual.

vii) Manufacturer’s product manual.

viii) Current inspection report.

c) Following manuals have to be prepared and approved by DGCA:

i) Maintenance Organization Exposition (MOE).

ii) Continuing Airworthiness Management Exposition (CAME).

iii) Operation Manual.

iv) Security Manual.

v) Flight Safety Manual.

vi) Safety Management System Manual.

d) Information to be provided for participants and visitors:

i) Description of the activity.

ii) Safety instructions.

iii) Weather, Medical and Age restrictions.

 iv) Information relating to personal public liability insurance of the operator.

Risk Mitigation & Emergencies & Rescues

The PIC should be familiar with all emergency procedures listed in the DGCA approved Flight manual including:

a) Emergency landings.

b) Pilot flame failure.

c) Fire on the ground.

d) Fire in the air.

e) Blast valve failure.

 f) Contact with power lines.

Each Ballooning operator should establish and review procedures for all possible emergencies. Every pilot and passenger should thoroughly understand emergency procedures. Pre-flight passenger briefing must be carried out by the Pilot in command. A monthly risk assessment as per given Performa needs to be carried out and reviewed by the Chief Pilot and the owner/operator and records maintained.

Safety briefing

Safety information to passenger is essential, as is certain practical advice, like basket layout and how to access the basket. As per the Flight Manual, the following briefing must be provided to passengers:

a) General Briefing.

b) Passenger Briefing (Pre-Inflation).

c) Pre Flight-Briefing.

d) Pre-Landing

e) After Landing

Medical Concerns

 As per DGCA guidelines all Hot Air Balloons must have comprehensive insurance that includes coverage of all passengers, Pilot and third-party liability. As a matter of Best Practice, all commercial operators should expect every passengers to have a basic level of general health and physical well-being, this includes:

a) No recent surgery.

b) No known significant hip, knee, neck, or back problems.

c) No recently broken bones.

d) Not currently pregnant.

e) Ability to stand for at least 1 hour without rest.

f) Must be at least 5 years of age.

g) Not under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of flight. The Pilot is responsible to assess the medical condition of all passengers before boarding a Hot Air Balloon Flight and the Pilot and the operator reserves the right to refuse any passenger to fly if they believe that they are not medically fit to fly.

Basic Minimum Standards for grant of recognition to operators

 a) For the commercial operations of Hot Air Balloons, an Operator must have a valid Air Operator Permit (AOP) as issued by DGCA.

b) All Balloon Organizations have to be approved by DGCA under Aircraft Maintenance Organization (AMO) as per CAR-145 and Continuing Airworthiness Management Organization (CAMO) as per CAR-M, Sub-Part G.

c) If the operator is certified as an Aircraft Maintenance Organization (AMO), the

Quality Manager (QM) must submit a Maintenance Organization Exposition (MOE) which must be subsequently approved by the DGCA.

d) For approval of Continuing Airworthiness Management Organization (CAMO), the Continuing Airworthiness Manager (CAM) must submit a Continuing Airworthiness Management Exposition (CAME) which must be subsequently approved by DGCA. e) Before every flight the Pilot must ensure that the Balloon has a valid and Current Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A) and Airworthiness Review Certificate (ARC).

 f) Pilot has to check Certificate of Release to Service (CRS) before every flight which is issued by Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (AME).

g) Hot air balloons engaged in commercial operations must possess a Type Certificate issued or validated by the DGCA or an export Certificate of Airworthiness issued by a country whose airworthiness standards are equivalent and acceptable to DGCA.

h) All Balloon operators must have an Emergency Action Plan. Training for the EAP must be regularly imparted to pilots and ground personnel. A list of emergency contact numbers must always be with the pilots and ground personnel.

i) The company must follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and conform to high sustainability standards.

Log Books:

 A Technical log in respect of each balloon indicating details of every flight, like the date of flight, lift off time, total flight time, the places of departure and arrival, shall be maintained. The entries in the log book shall be certified by the pilots undertaking the flights. A Balloon log book shall be maintained by every operator to keep a record of the flying hours of a Balloon and the modification and other repair work carried out on the balloon.

Documents to be carried on Board the Flight:

a) Technical Log.

b) Certificate of Release to Service (CRS).

c) Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A).

d) Airworthiness Review Certificate (ARC).

e) Certificate of Registration (C of R).

f) Appropriate license for the Pilot.

g) Weight Schedule, duly approved by DGCA.

Flying Permission

a) An Operator is required to take permission from the Airport Authority of India (AAI) for each area in which they plan to operate a flight. This permission is issued after clearance and consultation is taken from the nearest aerodrome and ATC authority. b) Permission is required in writing from all local Police and Administrative authorities in the area where Balloon flight Operations are planned.

c) The Operator must file a Flight plan with the AAI before every flight.

d) All Operators are required to take an FIC (Flight Information Centre) number and ADC (Air Défense Clearance) code from the relative departments before every flight. This information must be provided to the concerned ATC (Air Traffic Controller) before any flight can commence operations.

e) Pilots have to request for Take-off permission from concerned ATC before every flight and must close the flight plan following the completion of every flight.

Paragliding / Hang Gliding

Paragliding and hang gliding are popular adventure sports in India, offering adrenaline-pumping experiences to adventure enthusiasts. These sports are primarily popular in the mountainous regions of the country, where there are plenty of hills and valleys to fly through. Some of the most popular paragliding destinations in India include Bir-Billing in Himachal Pradesh, Kamshet in Maharashtra, and Nainital in Uttarakhand. These destinations offer spectacular views of the surrounding mountains and valleys, making the experience even more thrilling.

Hang gliding is a bit less popular than paragliding in India, but there are still several destinations that offer this sport. One of the most popular hang-gliding locations in the country is in Pune, Maharashtra. This location offers perfect wind conditions and a stunning landscape for flying. Other locations where you can experience hang gliding include Mussoorie in Uttarakhand and Panchgani in Maharashtra.

Both paragliding and hang gliding require specific training and equipment, and it's essential to fly with experienced instructors. Safety should always be a top priority when participating in these sports. With proper precautions and the right gear, paragliding and hang gliding in India can be an incredible and unforgettable experience for adventure seekers.Hang gliding started in the late 1960s while paragliding evolved in the early 80’s.

Paraglider: is a glider that achieves its aerofoil structure without any solid reinforcement; from RAM air pressure between two layers of fabric.

 Hang Glider: is a delta wing that has a fabric aerofoil with an aluminium frame and inserts.

Guidelines For Paragliding / Hang Gliding

Basic minimum qualifications and experience:

Tandem :

a) Pilots must have minimum P4 level training as a solo pilot, achieved 100 hours of solo flying and minimum 100 km xc flight. A conversion course to tandem pilot must be undertaken.

b) 50 non-commercial flights as sports tandem pilot before converting to commercial flying.

c) If available, pilot should be duly certified by an accredited national association.

Instructor:

a) P5 solo rating on FAI safe pro levels.

b) Worked as trainee instructor with a reputed instructor for 2 years.

c) Taken instructor certification from an accredited association.

Equipment required:

a)EN /SHV/DHV/AFNOR certified wing and reserve parachute.

b)Certified harness and helmet.Top of Form

Equipment care and maintenance:

 A logbook of equipment and maintenance to be kept.

Inspection & Maintenance Procedures

All commercially used equipment must be inspected for fabric porosity and line length annually.

SOP’s & Operating Instructions

a) Passenger should be clearly briefed on basics of flight and risks involved.

b) Staff introductions and their training.

c) Passenger should sign liability release waivers.

 d) Passenger/pilot should wear appropriate clothing that is safe and comfortable for the task and weather.

e) No aerobatic manoeuvres to be done with clients.

 f) No overloading or under loading of equipment.

g) Should fly conforming to VFR and in VMC. Cloud or night flying is strictly prohibited.

h) Any incident to be fully documented and reported.

Documentation

a) Pilot certification and logbook.

 b) Equipment logbook and service record.

c) Liability insurance, pilot insurance.

 d) Emergency Action Plan.

Risk Mitigation

a) Operations to be undertaken at sites judged to be safe for paragliding/hang gliding operations.

b) Selected sites should not have any turbulence sources or hazards.

c) Life jacket to be mandatory if operating near water.

d) Wing should be inspected annually for porosity and line lengths.

e) First Aid kit, stretcher (spinal board) and qualified staff should be available at the site.

f) Pilots should be First Aid/CPR certified.

g) Emergency response time (ambulance) and distance to hospital should be clearly conveyed to the passenger and emergency numbers available at location.

h) A detailed Emergency Action Plan should be in position and training for the same provided to staff periodically.

Emergencies & Rescues

a) First aid and proper equipment for stabilization and removal from life threatening situation.

b) Contact numbers for ambulance and other emergency services.

c) Evacuate at the very earliest.

d) Get witness statements before debriefing them.

e) Write your own report.

f) Submit reports and follow up on the injured.